1 / 29

Language and the Brain

Language and the Brain. Universidad de Santiago de Chile Lic. En Educación en Inglés Paradigmas Linguísticos Profesor: Miguel Farías Camila Contreras. How is language actually stored in and process by the brain?.

loreta
Download Presentation

Language and the Brain

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Language and the Brain Universidad de Santiago de Chile Lic. En Educación en Inglés Paradigmas Linguísticos Profesor: Miguel Farías Camila Contreras

  2. How is language actually stored in and process by the brain? Neurolinguisticsthe study of the neural and electrochemical bases of language development and use Psycholinguisticsthe study of the acquisition, storage, comprehension and production of language

  3. Physical Features of the Brain • It is divided into two nearly symmetrical halves

  4. Each part of the brain is responsible for processing certain kind of information • They are connected by a bundle of nerves Corpus callosum • They communicate with each other

  5. Cortex • A one-quarter-inch thick membrane that covers the brain • It makes human beings capable of higher cognitive functions • It contains most of language centers • It is covered with bumps and depression

  6. Even minor damage to the surface of the brain can result in language disorder

  7. Auditory Cortex • Responsible for receiving and identifying auditory signals and converting them into a form that can be interpreted by other areas of the brain

  8. Visual Cortex • It receives and interprets visual stimuli • It is the storage site for pictoral images

  9. Motor cortex • It is located in the upper middle of each hemisphere • It is responsible for sending signals to your muscles

  10. Language Centers • Production and comprehension of language • They mainly only in the left hemisphere

  11. Broca’s area • Located at the base of motor cortex • Responsible for organizing the articulatory patterns of language and directing the motor cortex when we want to talk • Control the use of inflectional morphemes and function morphemes

  12. Wernicke’s area • Located near the back section of the auditory cortex • It is involved in the comprehension of words and the selection of words when producing sentences

  13. Arcuate Fasciculus • A bundle of nerve fibers that connect Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area • So that they share information Mental lexicon looks up words via wernicke’s area then say them via broca’s area

  14. Angular Gyrus • Located between Wernicke’s area and the visual cortex • It converts visual stimuli into auditory stimuli (and viceversa) • Thus, we are allowed to match the spoken form of a word with the object it describes

  15. The flow of Linguistic Information How all the areas of the brain work together to process language It depends on • Type of stimulus • Type of linguistic result

  16. Speaking Wernicke’s area  arcuate fasciculus  broca’s area  motor cortex Reading Visual cortex  angular gyrus wernicke’s area Understanding Auditory cortex angular gyrus visual cortex  wernicke’s areabroca’s area motor cortex

  17. Lateralization • Each brain’s hemisphere is responsible for different cognitive functions Left hemisphere  analytic reasoning, temporal ordering, arithmetic and language Right Hemisphere  processing music, perceiving non-linguistic sounds, performing task (visual and spatial skills or pattern recognition

  18. It happens in early childhood • It can be recovered in initial stage if damaged

  19. Contralateralization • The connections between the brain and the body are almost completely contralateral The right side of the body  controlled by the left hemisphere The left side of the body  controlled by the right hemisphere

  20. Evidence • Dichotic Listening Test • Split Brains Patients • Hemispherictomies

  21. Language Disorders • Damage in the left hemisphere  aphasia • Aphasia  inability to perceive, process or produce language because of physical damage to the brain • Linguistic skills affected depend on where the brain damage is

  22. Broca’s Aphasia • Haltingly speaking • Speech without inflections and function words • Problems in producing • Articulatory problems • Difficulty matching the correct semantic interpretation to the syntactic order of the sentence

  23. Example Examiner: Tell me, what did you do before you retired? Aphasic: Uh, uh, uh, uh, pub, par, partender, no. Examiner: Carpenter? Aphasic: (shaking head yes) Carpenter, tuh, tuh, tenty year.

  24. Wernicke’s Aphasia • Receptive disorders • Misinterpreting what others say and responding in unexpected way • Tendency to produce semantically incoherent speech • Fluent but meaningless speech

  25. Example Examiner: Do you like it here in Kansas City? Aphasic: Yes, I am. Examiner: I’d like to have you tell me something about your problem Aphasic: Yes, I, ugh, can’t hill all of my way. I can’t tal all of the things I do, and part of the part I can go alright………

  26. Conduction Aphasia • Damage to the arcuate fasciculus • Sth like wernicke’s aphasia but showing signs of being able to comprehend the speech of others • Problems in transmission

  27. Alexia and Agraphia • Both caused by angular gyrus damage • Alexia Inability to read and comprehend written words • Agraphia Inability to write words

  28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WK29RAKDzf8

More Related