1 / 54

Grade 10 Science

Grade 10 Science. Motion Unit. Significant Digits. The correct way to record measurements is: Record all those digits that are certain plus one and no more These “certain digits plus one” are called significant digits

lorene
Download Presentation

Grade 10 Science

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Grade 10 Science Motion Unit

  2. Significant Digits • The correct way to record measurements is: • Record all those digits that are certain plus one and no more • These “certain digits plus one” are called significant digits • ALL DIGITS INCLUDED IN A STATED VALUE (EXCEPT LEADING ZEROES) ARE SIGNIFCANT DIGITS Measurements

  3. Examples

  4. 2340.00 0.1240 2005 Decimal Absent 0.003450 Decimal Present 2500 A Red Arrow pops the 0’s like balloons until it sticks in a digit between 1 and 9. Then you count the rest of the digits that are left.

  5. Counted and Exact Values • When you count the number of something (example – students in the class), this is an exact value and has an infinite number of significant digits. • When you use a defined value such as 100 cm/m or 60 s/min, you also have an infinite number of significant digits. • Note the calculation rules on BLM 9.2B

  6. Converting Units • When you want to change units we use a conversion factor (or equality)

  7. Assignment : Significant Digits • BLM 9.2a, 9.2b • Complete the Significant Digits Worksheet See answer key • Questions 1-6, 9 pg 349 in your text

  8. Relating Speed to Distance and Time • Average Speed Vav is: • The total distance divided by the total time for a trip • Vav = d • t • See BLM 9.5a for examples • Instantaneous speed – the speed an object is travelling at a particular instant. Ie. Radar trap • Constant Speed (uniform motion) – if the instantaneous speed remains the same for a period of time. Ie. Cruise control on your car

  9. A car travels 45 km at a speed of 90 km/h. How long did the trip take? • What do you know in the Question • d= 45 km • Vav = 90 km/h • t = ?

  10. Decide on a formula • t = d Vav d Vav t

  11. Substitute the knowns into the formula and solve • t = 45 km 90 km/h t = 0.5 h • Write a concluding statement: • It takes 0.5 h for the car to travel 45 km at a speed of 90 km/h

  12. Problem Solving Summary • List the variables you know • Decide on a formula • Substitute what you know into the formula • Solve and write a concluding statement Speed- Click Me

  13. Assignment : Relating Speed to Distance and time • BLM 9.5 a,b, d • Answer Key • Questions 1,2,3,6,7,8 pg 358 • Answer Key

  14. Distance – Time Graphs • Independent variable - X axis is always time • Dependent Variable - Y axis is always distance • Speed is determined from the slope of the best fit strait line of a distance – time graph • SmartBoard Slope of a Line

  15. In the following diagram: A = constant speed B = not moving C = accelerating See BLM 9.7a Distance-Time Graphs

  16. Assignment : Distance – Time Graphs • Lab 9.5 Graphing Distances During Acceleration • Questions 3,4,5,6 pg 365 • Answer Key • Activity 9.9 Simulation : Average Speed on an Air Table • BLM 9.9a • Worksheet – Determining Speed from a d/t Graph • Q 1-6 • Answer Key • Lab9.6 Balloon Cars Lab • Lab 9.10 Determining an Average Speed • Review Questions 1,3,4,7,9,11 pg 376 • Answer Key • Test Chapter 9

  17. Chapter 11 Displacement and Velocity

  18. Introduction to Vectors • Reference Point – origin or starting point of a journey. Ie. “YOU ARE HERE” on a mall map • Position – separation and direction from a reference point. ie. “150 m [N] of “YOU ARE HERE” • Vector Quantity – includes a direction such as position. A vector quantity has both size and direction ie. 150m [N] • Scalar quantity – includes size but no direction. ie. 150 m

  19. Displacement – a change in position. • See BLM 11.1a • Symbol Format – used when communicating a vector. • See BLM 11.1b • Drawing Vectors – • state the direction (N,E,S,W) • Draw the line to the stated scale or write the size of the vector next to the line • The direction of the line represents the direction of the vector and the length of the line represents the size of the vector

  20. Assignment : Introduction to Vectors • Questions 1,5,6,7,8 pg 417 • Walk the Graph Activity pg 418 & BLM 11.2

  21. Adding Vectors on a Straight Line • Vector Diagrams – Join each vector by connecting the “head” end of one vector to the “tail end of the next vector. • Find the resultant vector by drawing an arrow from the tail of the first vector to the head of the last vector • Resultant displacement - is a single displacement that has the same effect as all of the individual displacements combined. • Vector Diagrams – Join each vector by connecting the “head” end of one vector to the “tail end of the next vector. • Find the resultant vector by drawing an arrow from the tail of the first vector to the head of the last vector • Resultant displacement - d R is a single displacement that has the same effect as all of the individual displacements combined.

  22. Adding vectors can be done by one of the following methods • using scale diagrams • adding vectors algebraically • combined method • See BLM 11.3

  23. 11.3 Adding Vectors Along a Straight LineTwo vectors can be added together to determine the result (or resultantdisplacement).Use the “head to tail” ruleJoin each vector by connecting the “head” and of a vector to the“tail” end of the next vector

  24. Resultant vector d1 dR d2

  25. Scale Diagram Method Leah takes her dog, Zak, for a walk. They walk 250 m [W] and then back 215 m [E] before stopping to talk to a neighbor. Draw a vector diagram to find their resultant displacement at this point.

  26. N Scale Diagram Method 1)State the direction (e.g. with a compass symbol) 2)List the givens and indicate the variable being solved 3)State the scale to be used 4)Draw one of the initial vectors to scale d1 = 250m [W], d2 = 215m [E], dR = ? 1 cm = 50 m

  27. 5)Join the second and additional vectors head to tail and to scale 6)Draw and label the resultant vector 7)Measure the resultant vector and convert the length using your scale 8)Write a statement including both size and direction of the resultant vector dR 0.70 cm x 50m / 1 cm = 35m [W]

  28. The resultant displacement for Leah and Zak Is 35 m [W].

  29. Adding Vectors Algebraically This time Leah’s brother, Aubrey, takes Zak for a walk They leave home and walk 250 m [W] and then back 175 m [E] before stopping to talk to a friend. What is the resultant displacement at this position.

  30. Adding Vectors Algebraically When you add vectors, assign + or – direction to the value of the quantity. (+) will be the initial direction (-) will be the reverse direction 1.Indicate which direction is + or – 2.List the givens and indicate which variable is being solved 250 m [W] will be positive d1 = 250 m [W], d2 = 175 m [E], dR = ?

  31. d1 + dR = d2 3.Write the equation for adding vectors 4.Substitute numbers (with correct signs) into the equation and solve 5.Write a statement with your answer ( include size and direction) dR = (+ 250 m) + (-175 m) dR = + 75 m or 75 m[W] The resultant displacement for Aubrey and Zak is 75 m [W]

  32. Combined Method Zak decides to take himself for a walk. He heads 30 m [W] stops, then goes a farther 50 m [W] before returning 60 m[E]. What is Zak’s resultant displacement?

  33. Combined Method 1)State which direction is positive and which is negative 2)Sketch a labeled vector diagram – not to scale but using relative sizes West is positive, East is negative 30m 50m 60m dR

  34. 3)Write the equation for adding the vectors 4)Substitute numbers( with correct signs) into the equation and solve 5)Write a statement with your answer (including size and direction) dR = d1 +d2 +d3 dR = (+ 30 m) + (+50m) + (-60m) dR = + 20m or 20m [W] The resultant displacement for Zack is 20 m [W]

  35. Assignment : Adding Vectors in a Straight Line • Questions 1-3,5-7 pg 423 Answer Key • Activity “Bug Race”

  36. Adding Vectors at an Angle • If we know the path an object takes we can draw an accurate to scale vector diagram of the journey. We can then determine the following; • compare the final position to the reference point • determine the resultant displacement • Certain rules must be followed add vectors at an angle. See BLM 11.5a

  37. Adding Vectors at an Angle Scale 1 cm = 5 Km dR = 5 cm x 5 Km/1cm dR = 25 Km [NW] d R = 5cm d 1 = 3 cm N d 2 = 4 cm

  38. Assignment : Adding Vectors at an Angle • BLM 11.5b • Activity “Hide a Penny Treasure Hunt”

  39. Velocity • Velocity – v • a vector quantity that includes a direction and a speed ie. 100 km/h [E] • Constant Velocity – means that both the size (speed) and direction stay the same

  40. Average Velocity – v av • is the overall change of position from the start to finish. It is calculated by dividing the resultant displacement (which is the change of position) by the total time • V av = d R t • See BLM 11.7a,b

  41. Assignment : Velocity • BLM 11.7c • Questions 3,5,7, pg 436 • Activity Tracking and Position pg 438 & BLM 11.9 • Review Questions 4,8,9,10 pg 442 • Test Chapter 11

  42. Chapter 12 Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration

  43. Position – Time Graphs • Position and displacement are vectors and include direction. It is possible to represent vector motion on a graph. Very much like a distance –time graph. Can you see the differences?

  44. Can you see the differences?

  45. The slope of a position-time graph is equal to the velocity of the motion • The slope of the tangent at a point on a position-time graph yields the instantaneous velocity. • Instantaneous velocity is the change of position over an extremely short period of time. Instantaneous velocity is like instantaneous speed plus a direction

  46. Assignment : Position-Time Graphs • Activity : Describing Position-Time Graphs “Walk the Dog” • Activity : The Helicopter Challenge • Exercise : BLM 12.1 a,b,c

  47. Velocity Time Graphs

  48. Avelocity – time graph can show travel in opposite directions over a period of time. • The slope of the line on a velocity –time graph indicates the acceleration of an object

  49. Acceleration – a is calculated by dividing the change in velocity by the time. Because there is a direction associated with the velocity, the acceleration is also a vector quantity. • Constant acceleration is uniformly changing velocity.

More Related