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Anxiety disorders

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry about various events and activities. Diagnostic criteria include persistent anxiety occurring more often than not for over six months, accompanied by symptoms like restlessness, fatigue, poor concentration, irritability, sleep disturbances, and physical symptoms such as palpitations and muscle tension. Treatment options encompass psychological therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and self-help resources, as well as pharmacological approaches including SSRIs. Avoidance of benzodiazepines is recommended.

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Anxiety disorders

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  1. 2007 Anxiety disorders

  2. Definition • GAD syndrome of ongoing anxiety about events or thoughts that the patient recognises as excessive and inappropriate

  3. Diagnostic criteria • Xs anxiety/worry occurring more days than not about a number of events and activities for > 6/12 • Difficult to control worry • Associated with 3 or more of • Restlessness • Easily fatigued • Poor concentration • Irritability • Sleep disturbance • Muscle tension

  4. Autonomic arousal symptoms • Palpitations • Sweating • Trembling • Dry mouth

  5. Symptoms involving chest and abdomen • Breathing difficulty • Feeling of choking • Chest pain • Nausea or abdominal distress

  6. Symptoms involving mental state • Dizziness • Unsteady, faint, light headedness • Feeling that objects are unreal (derealisation) • Feeling of loss of control • Fear of dying

  7. General symptoms • Hot flushes of cold chills • Numbness or tingling sensations • Muscle tension aches and pains • Restlessness inability to relax • Lump in throat difficulty swallowing

  8. Exclusions • Panic disorder • Phobic anxiety disorder • OCD • Hypochondriacal disorder

  9. Useful treatments • Psychological • CBT • Anxiety management training • Self help books and CD’s • Pharmacological • SSRI’s • TAD’s • Avoid benzodiazepaines

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