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Genetics- the study of heredity

Genetics- the study of heredity. Heredity- passing of traits from parent to offspring. Gregor Mendel- The Father of Genetics. Austrian monk lived in a monastery in charge of the garden. Noticed that some plants were tall, some were short, etc. Wanted to find out how 2 tall

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Genetics- the study of heredity

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  1. Genetics- the study of heredity Heredity- passing of traits from parent to offspring

  2. Gregor Mendel- The Father of Genetics • Austrian monk lived in a monastery in charge of the garden. • Noticed that some plants were tall, some were short, etc. Wanted to find out how 2 tall plants could produce a short plant and vice versa. • Begin experimenting with pea plants.

  3. The Work of Gregor Mendel • Mendel used pea plants b/c: • Had a lot of traits to study and produced offspring fast.

  4. The original pair of plants that were crossed were called the P (parental) generation. One tall and one short. • The offspring of this cross were called the F1 (first filial) generation. Resulted in 2 tall plants. • Offspring from the F1 generation produced the F2 generation. Resulted in 3 tall and one short. • Where did the short plant come from????

  5. Results from Mendel’s Experiment • Principle of Dominance: some alleles are dominant and some are recessive. • If dominant is present, it will mask the recessive allele.

  6. Genes and Alleles • Genes: chemical factors that determine a trait (characteristic). • Allele: different forms or ways of expressing a gene. • Ex: AA, Aa, aa • Dominant Allele: the trait that always shows physically and is represented by a CAPITAL letter. • Ex: AA or Aa • Recessive Allele: only shows if the dominant allele is not present. • Ex: aa

  7. Homozygous (same) vs. Heterozygous (different) • Homozygous or Purebreed: 2 identical alleles. • Ex: AA= homozygous dominant aa= homozygous recessive • Heterozygous or Hybrid: 2 different alleles. • Ex: Aa= heterozygous (always dominant)

  8. Phenotype vs. Genotype • Phenotype: physical characteristics of the organism (what it actually looks like). • Ex: tall plant or short plant • Genotype: genetic make up of the organism (what the alleles are). • Ex: AA, Aa or aa

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