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Employer is committed to specified retirement benefits .

Defined Benefit Pension Plans. Employer is committed to specified retirement benefits. Retirement benefits are based on a formula that considers years of service, compensation level, and age. Employer bears all risk of pension fund performance.

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Employer is committed to specified retirement benefits .

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  1. Defined Benefit Pension Plans Employer is committed to specified retirement benefits. Retirement benefits are based on a formula that considers years of service, compensation level, and age. Employer bears all risk of pension fund performance.

  2. Pension expense is measured by assigning pension benefits to periods of employee service as defined by the pension benefit formula. Defined Benefit Plan A typical benefit formula might be:1% × Years of Service × Final year’s salary So, for 35 years of service and a final salary of $80,000, the employee would receive:1% × 35 × $80,000 = $28,000 per year

  3. Defined Benefit Plan You go to work for Matrix, Inc. on 1/1/07. You are eligible to participate in the company's defined benefit pension plan. The benefit formula is: Annual salary in year of retirement × Number of years of service × 1.5% Annual retirement benefits You are 25 years old when you start work and will accumulate 40 years of service before retiring at age 65. If your salary is $200,000 during your last year of service, you will receive the following annual benefits: $200,000 × 40 × 1.5% $120,000 You are not required to make any contributions. The plan vests at the rate of 20% per year. The plan actuary estimates that upon reaching age 65, you will receive payments for 15 years. The actuary uses an 8% discount rate in all present value computations.

  4. Defined Benefit Plan At December 31, 2007, the end of your first year of service, the actuary must calculate the present value of the pension benefits earned by you during 2007. Remember that you will not receive pension benefits until you are 65 and the actuary estimates payments will be made for 15 years after you retire. After one year of service you will have earned $3,000 in pension benefits: Pension benefits = .015 × 1 yr of service × $200,000 Pension benefits = $3,000 Service cost is the present value of these benefits and is calculated as follows: Service cost = $3,000 × 8.559481× .0497132 Service cost = $1,277 1Present value of an ordinary annuity at 8% for 15 years. 2Present value of $1 at 8% for 39 years.

  5. Pension Obligation Based on the given information, the actuary calculates your Accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) as follows: Retirement benefits = .015 × 1 yr × $25,000 Retirement benefits = $375 ABO = $375 × 8.55948 × .049713 ABO = $160 Your Vested benefit obligation (VBO) is calculated as follows: Vested benefits = .015 × 1 × $25,000 × .2 Vested benefits = $75 VBO = $75 × 8.55948 × .049713 VBO = $32

  6. Pension Obligation The Projected benefit obligation (PBO) differs from the ABO by using your salaryprojected at retirement rather than your current salary. The actuary calculates your Projected benefit obligation (PBO) as follows: Retirement benefits = .015 × 1 yr × $200,000 Retirement benefits = $3,000 PBO = $3,000 × 8.55948 × .049713 PBO = $1,277

  7. Pension Obligation A reconciliation of the VBO, ABO and PBO would look like this: VBO $ 32 Non-vested benefits 128 ABO $ 160 Adjustment for future salary 1,117 PBO $ 1,277

  8. Pension Obligation Projected Benefit Obligation Present value of additional benefits related to projected pay increases. Present value of nonvested benefits at present pay levels. Accumulated Benefit Obligation Present value of benefits at present pay levels. Vested Benefit Obligation

  9. Projected Benefit Obligation

  10. Pension plan assets (like the PBO) arenotspecifically reported in the balance sheet. Atrusteemanages the pension plan assets. Pension Plan Assets

  11. Pension Plan Assets Plan assets change as (a) the investments generate dividends, interest, capital gains, etc., (b) additional cash contributions are added by the employer, and (c) payments are made to retired employees. Assume the following balances and changes for Matrix: ($ in millions)

  12. OVERFUNDED Market value of plan assets exceeds the actuarial present value of all benefits earned by participants. Funded Status of the Pension Plan UNDERFUNDED Market value of plan assets is below the actuarial present value of all benefits earned by participants.

  13. Funded Status of the Pension Plan Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO) - Plan Assets at Fair Value Underfunded / Overfunded Status This amount is reported in the balance sheet as a Pension Liability if underfunded or a Pension Asset if overfunded.

  14. Pension Expense – An Overview

  15. Actuaries have determined that Matrix, Inc. has service cost of $150,000 in 2007 and $155,000 in 2008. We can begin the process of determining pension expense for the company. Pension Expense

  16. Service Cost

  17. Interest costis the growth in PBO during a reporting period due to the passage of time. Interest cost is calculated as: PBOBeg × Discount rate Interest Cost

  18. Actuaries determined that Matrix, Inc. had PBO of $500,000 on 1/1/07, and $640,000 on 1/1/08. The actuary uses a discount rate of 10%. Interest Cost

  19. Interest Cost 2007: PBO 1/1/07 $500,000 × 10% = $50,000 2008: PBO 1/1/08 $640,000 × 10% = $64,000

  20. Return on Plan Assets The plan trustee reports that plan assets were $450,000 on 1/1/07, and $600,000 on 1/1/08. The trustee uses an expected return of 9% and the actual return is 10% in both years.

  21. 2008 2007 Return on Plan Assets

  22. Return on Plan Assets

  23. Prior service cost (PSC)results from plan amendments granting increased pension benefits for service rendered before the amendment. PSC is the present value of the retroactive benefits and increases PBO by that amount. Amortization of Prior Service Cost

  24. PSC is amortized over the remaining service period of those employees active at the date of the amendment who are expected to receive benefits under the plan. Amortization of Prior Service Cost

  25. Two approaches to amortizing PSC: Straight-line method Amortize PSC over the average remaining service period. Service method Amortize PSC by allocating equal amounts to each employee’s service years remaining. Amortization of Prior Service Cost

  26. Effective 1/1/08, Matrix, Inc. amends the retirement plan to provide increased benefits attributable to service performed before 1/1/03, for all active employees. The present value of the increased benefits (PSC) at 1/1/08, is $60,000. The average remaining service life of the active employee group is 12 years. Amortization of Prior Service Cost

  27. Amortization of Prior Service Cost Since the amendment was not effective until the beginning of 2008, pension expense for 2007 is not affected. 2008: $60,000 PSC ÷ 12 = $5,000

  28. Amortization of Prior Service Cost

  29. Gains and Losses

  30. Amortization is not required if the net unrecognized gain or loss at the beginning of the period is a minimum amount (corridor amount). Corridor Amount

  31. Corridor Amount PBO at the beginning of the period. The corridor amount is 10% of the greater of . . . Or Fair value of plan assets at the beginning of the period.

  32. If the beginning net unrecognized gain or loss exceeds the corridor amount, amortization is recognized as . . . Net unrecognized gain or loss at beginning of year Corridor amount — Average remaining service period of active employees expected to receive benefits under the plan Gains and Losses

  33. Gains and Losses There was no gain or loss amortized in 2007. Let’s determine the amortization of the net gain in 2008.

  34. Gains and Losses $12,000 ÷ 12 years = $1,000 per year.

  35. Pension Expense

  36. Pension Expense and Funding Matrix contributed $200,000 to the plan trustee at the end of 2007. The journal entries to record the pension activity are:

  37. Pension Expense and Funding Matrix contributed $200,000 to the plan trustee at the end of 2008.

  38. Pension Gains and Losses For 2008, the actual return on plan assets exceeded the expected return by $4,500. In addition, there was a loss from the actuary change in certain underlying assumptions about the amount of the projected benefit obligation of $12,000. Matrix is required to make the following journal entry: OCI = Other comprehensive income

  39. Comprehensive Income Other comprehensive income (a) is reported periodically as it is created and (b) also is reported as a cumulative amount. There are 3 options for reporting other comprehensive income created during the reporting period. The statement of comprehensive income can be presented as: The accumulated amount of other comprehensive income is reported as a separate item of shareholders’ equity in the balance sheet. As an expanded version of the income statement. Within the statement of shareholders’ equity. In a disclosure note.

  40. Pension Spreadsheet

  41. Encompass all types of retiree health and welfare benefits including . . . Medical coverage, Dental coverage, Life insurance, Group legal services, and Other benefits. Postretirement Benefit Plan

  42. Pension Plan Benefits Usually based on years of service. Identical payments for same years of service. Cost of plan usually paid by employer. Vesting usually required. Postretirement Health Benefits Typically unrelated to service. Payments vary depending on medical needs. Company and retiree share the costs. True vesting does not exist. Postretirement Health Benefits andPension Benefits Compared

  43. Postretirement Benefit Expense

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