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Homeostasis and Disease: Maintaining Health Balance

Learn about homeostasis, feedback mechanisms, role of the control center, and how diseases arise due to deviations from normal limits. Understand the steps in diagnosing diseases with medical history, physical exams, and diagnostic procedures.

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Homeostasis and Disease: Maintaining Health Balance

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  1. Homeostasis and Disease HAP Susan Chabot Lemon Bay High School 2015-2016

  2. Maintenance of Life HOMEOSTASIS • Keeping a constant internal environment. Feedback Mechanism • 1. Receptors gather info • Special senses (external) • Internal sensors (temp., blood pressure, water levels, etc) • 2. Control Center decides what to do • Brain and spinal cord • 3. Effectors create a response • Muscles and/or glands

  3. Example of a Feedback Mechanism Body Temperature control Normal body temperature is 98.6* F or 37* C. • When temperature is too hot or too cold, the body responds to bring it within a normal range.

  4. Feedback Mechanisms Negative Feedback Positive Feedback Enhances the original stimuli USUALLY associated with disease or pain If its HIGH, it goes HIGHER. If its LOW, it goes LOWER • Reverses the original stimuli • MOST normal body processes • If its HIGH, it becomes LOW • If its LOW, it becomes HIGH

  5. Homeostasis and Disease • Disease is defined as a failure to maintain homeostatic conditions. • ANY deviation from normal limits can lead to disease. • When adaptation fails in one system, it can impact other systems. • Homeostatic systems must adapt to: • Gradual changes • Sudden, rapid changes • Disease may result from: • Pathogens • Inherited genetic mutations • Loss of regulatory control (cancer) • Degenerative changes • Trauma, toxins, or environmental hazards • Nutritional factors

  6. Diagnosing Disease • Symptom: patient’s perception of a change in body function. • Difficult to measure • Dependent on patient description/opinion • Ex: nausea, fatigue, pain • Pain: indication of tissue damage • Pain classification: chart page 6 • Sign: physical manifestation of disease • Can be measured • Can be observed by health provider • Ex: lumps, color changes

  7. Steps in Diagnosis • Medical History: Summary of past medical issues • Chief complaint • History of present illness • Review of all body systems • Physical Exam • Inspection: sight • Palpation: touch • Percussion: tapping • Auscultation: listen • Diagnostic Procedures • MRI, CT, radiography, EKG, EEG • Laboratory testing on fluids and tissues

  8. Purpose of Diagnosis • S: Subjective • O: Objective • A: Assessment • P: Plan

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