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Good Morning

Good Morning. Session -4. Recap…. Understanding Linux Features of Linux Why to use Linux. Session Objectives. Understanding Distributions Major Distribution. UNDERSTANDING DISTRIBUTIONS.

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  1. Good Morning Session -4

  2. Recap…. • Understanding Linux • Features of Linux • Why to use Linux

  3. Session Objectives • Understanding Distributions • Major Distribution

  4. UNDERSTANDING DISTRIBUTIONS The concept of a distribution can be a little hard to understand in a world of commercial operating systems such as Windows 98 and 2000, Mac OS, and even commercial Unix systems such as Solaris and HP-UX. After all, in all these cases, the name of the operating system denotes a very specific product. Windows 98 defines the complete set of Windows utilities, applications, and drivers that Microsoft ships. For instance, Any application, driver, or utility that users add to their systems is not considered part of Windows 98, Windows 98 doesn’t technically exist as a product with less than its complete set of software and tools.

  5. In the Linux world, however, this definition becomes blurred. “Linux” is just the kernel “Linux” can refer to everything from the kernel to any collection of Linux-based applications put together with a kernel to produce a functioning system running Linux. Linux has opened the door to different flavors of Linux that meet different needs. These flavors are the distributions. Distributions can be built on different versions of the kernel, can include different sets of applications, utilities, tools, and driver modules, and can offer different installation and upgrade programs to ease management of the system. A complete Linux system package is called a distribution.

  6. DISTRIBUTIONS VARY ON SEVERAL DIMENSIONS Package management -- All Linux distributions use some method of distributing files, both on distribution CD-ROMs and via the Web as updates. Most distributions use the Red Hat Package Manager (RPM) system, but some use Debian packages, tarballs, or some other package format. Target audience -- Some distributions, such as Debian, are aimed at experienced system administrators. They contain little in the way of flashy install routines or GUI system administration tools. Other distributions, such as Lycoris, are aimed at Linux newbies. They include easy-to-use install routines and GUI system administration tools. Support -- When you buy a boxed version of a distribution, you typically get some limited installation support, but details differ. You can often purchase support even for "unofficial" CDs, either from the distribution developer or from a third party. Linux newsgroups are a great form of support for any variety of Linux, but you're more likely to get good support via newsgroups if you use a popular distribution than if you use a rare one

  7. THE MAJOR DISTRIBUTIONS RED HAT Red Hat Linux from Red Hat Software (www.redhat.com) has emerged as the favorite Linux distribution for most users. This distribution is the target, or base, distribution for many commercial Linux software developers and is the benchmark against which many Linux distributions are measured. Red Hat has gained fame particularly for its tools for installing and upgrading the operating system and for its well-designed system for installing, uninstalling,and tracking software application packages. Red Hat Linux has also been used in projects that have proven the commercial viability of Linux, including animation work for the movie Titanic. Red Hat Linux has also won numerous awards, including Network Magazine’s Product of the Year award in 2000.

  8. SLACKWARE Before Red Hat Linux came to fame, Slackware was the distribution to beat. Slackware is still a popular distribution. The distribution offers the full range of expected utilities, tools, and applications, including X Windows, development tools such as the GNU C Compiler, PPP support, full Java support, and the Java SDK (Developer’s Kit) for Linux. Slackware can be downloaded from a number of different FTP and HTTP sites as listed on http://www.slackware.com/getslack/.

  9. CALDERA OPENLINUX www.caldera.com. Caldera caused a stir in both the Linux and the broader computer markets by trumpeting the call of supportable commercial Linux. Now the call has been roundly taken up by other Linux vendors, most notably Red Hat. The idea is to offer tested, stable, and supported versions of Linux that appeal to the corporate market and to application developers who want a secure target distribution of Linux to develop for. Currently, the Caldera OpenLinux distribution comes in two editions: eDesktop 2.4 for workstations and eServer 2.3 for servers. It can be purchased or downloaded from the Web. NetWare support, Alicense of DR-DOS for DOS compatibility, Webmin, a powerful, customizable Linux administration system that opens up in a Web browser, An integrated version of Partition Magic to help users configure their hard drives before installing Linux

  10. S.u.S.E. Linux S.u.S.E. Linux is a popular Linux distribution available primarily in Europe and is offered in both English and German versions. S.u.S.E. offers the following: KDE 2.0, the latest version of the XFree86 X Windows server (some distributions are one version behind) System administration tools called YaST and YaST2, which are useful for configuring everything from dial-up Internet connections to scanners and network cards SaX2, a custom utility for configuring X Windows Acopy of the latest version of StarOffice

  11. Debian/GNU Debian/GNU (www.debian.org) is the odd man out, because it is not “owned” by any specific company. Red Hat is developed by Red Hat Software and Slackware has a home at Walnut Creek; however, Debian/GNU Linux is produced by a team of volunteers in much the same waythat Linux development itself takes place. Debian offers more than 3950 software packages using its own package management system, which is designed to offer similar functionality to that offered by the Red Hat distribution. The Debian distribution is unique in some ways. Their Web site highlights a commitment to giving back any code they generate to the free software world.They publicize their bugs, making bug reports easy to find, and they won’t include applications in their distribution that don’t match Debian’s definition of free software

  12. COREL www.corel.com The newest major distribution is Corel Linux. It was developed as the first Linux distribution explicitly targeted as a replacement for Microsoft Windows on the desktop. Corel Linux Second Edition includes these features: • The Corel Control Center, a system administration tool based on the KDE Control Center • Afour-step installation process • Tools such as User Manager and Print Wizard that are explicitly based on equivalent Microsoft Windows tools • SmartMove, which allows you to import profiles and settings from existingMicrosoft Windows computers Corel Linux is built on the Debian distribution. In other words, they add features to Debian Linux and sell it as their own distribution.

  13. OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS Other English-language distributions of Linux that are worth noting includeLinuxPro, LinuxWare, Turbolinux, and Yggdrasil, among others. In addition,there are several non-English distributions, particularly in French and German, www.linux.org/dist/english.html.

  14. CONFUSED ?

  15. While different Linux systems will add different logos, choose some different software components to include, and have different ways of installing and configuring Linux, most people who become used to Linux can move pretty easily from one Linux to another. There are a few reasons for Linux Standard Base There is an effort called the Linux Standard Base (www.linuxbase.org) to which most major Linux systems subscribe. The Linux Standard Base Specification (available from this site) has as one of its primary goals to ensure that applications written for one Linux system will work on other systems. To that end, the LSB will define what libraries need to be available, how software packages can be formatted, commands and utilities that must be available, and, to some extent, how the file system should be arranged. In other words, you can rely on many components of Linux being in the same place on LSB-certified Linux systems.

  16. Open source projects Many Linux distributions include the same open source projects.So, for example, the most basic command and configuration files for an Apache Web server, Samba file/print server, and sendmail mail server will be the same whether you use Red Hat, Debian, or many other Linux systems. And although they can change backgrounds, colors, and other elements of your desktop, most of the ways of navigating a KDE or GNOME desktop stay the same, regardless of which Linux you use. A shell is a shell Although you can put different pretty faces on it, once you open a shell command-line interpreter (such as bash or sh) in Linux, most experienced Linux or UNIX users find it pretty easy to get around on most any Linux system.

  17. REFERENCES www.linux.org www.ubuntu.com, , www.kubuntu.org www.debian.org www.redhat.org

  18. THANK YOU

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