CIE Australia Technical Meeting November 21, 2007

1. CIE Australia Technical Meeting November 21, 2007 Division 1 Vision and Colour Beijing, July 2007 Peter McGinley Dulux Australia

2. Recent Publications Five publications by D1 since the last meeting: • CIE 170-1 Fundamental chromaticity diagram with physiological axes · DS 014-4 Colorimetry – Part 4. CIE 1976 L*a*b* colour space. · x030 Proceedings of the ISCC/CIE Expert Symposium '06, 75 Years of the CIE Standard Colorimetric Observer • CIE 175 A framework for the measurement of visual appearance · CIE 177 Colour rendering of white LED light sources.

3. TC1-36 Fundamental Chromaticity Diagram with Physiologically Significant Axes: Françoise Viénot FR a TR has been published as CIE Publication 170:2006. TC1-37 Supplementary system of Photometry: Ken Sagawa JP In 2006, the Chairman published a scientific paper. Based on this article, a CIE technical report is currently being prepared TC1-41 Extension of VM(l) Beyond 830nm: Pieter Walraven NL This work awaits the completion of the work of TC1-36 before it can proceed. TC1-42 Colour Appearance in Peripheral Vision: Myoshi Ayama JP This TC met in Beijing and is actively writing a draft TR TC1-54 Age-Related Change in Visual Response: Ken Sagawa JP developing guidelines for lighting for elderly and disabled people TC1-58 Visual Performance in the Mesopic range: Liisa Halonon FL TC1-60 Contrast Sensitivity Function for Detection and Discrimination: Eugene Matinez-Uriegas ES TC1-67 The Effects of Dynamic and Stereo Visual Images on Human Health: Hiroyasu Ujike JP Technical Committees - Vision

4. R1-19 Specification on Individual Variation in Heterochromatic Brightness Matching: Hirohisa Yaguchi JP R1-23 Guidelines on Planning a Mesopic Photometry Investigation: Pat Trezona GB R1-35 Irregularity ybar10(l): Pieter Walraven NL R1-36 Action Spectra for Glare: Judith Fekete JP R1-37 Definition of the Visual Field for Conspicuity: Nina Itoh JP R1-38 Concept and Application of Equivalent Luminance: Yasuhisa Nakano JP R1-40 Scene Dynamic Range: Jack Holm US Reporterships - Vision

5. TC1-27 Specification of Colour Appearance for Reflective Media and Self-Luminous Displays: Paula Alessi US A final report is being written and should be completed later this year. TC1-44 Practical Sources for Daylight Colorimetry: Robert Hirschler HU Two drafts of a TR have been circulated during the past year TC1-55 Uniform colour space for Industrial Colour-Difference Evaluation: Manuel Melgosa ES discussions focused on available experimental datasets to be used by the TC, and the concept of ‘uniform colour space’ the goal of our TC. TC1-56 Improved Colour Matching functions: Michael Brill US the TC will concentrate on the testing of Grassmann’s Laws and the transformability of primaries. work will now start on a TR that will recommend that Grassmann additivity continue to apply to Colorimetry except at low levels of luminance for which mesopic colour mechanisms must be considered. TC1-57 Standards in Colorimetry: Alan Robertson CA Technical Committees - Colour

6. TC1-61 Categorical Colour Identification: Taiichiro Ishida JP the application of colour categorisation for surface colours, at different levels of illumination (1000 lx and 1 lx), using both Munsell and CIECAM02 to present the data. TC1-63 Validity of the Range of CIEDE2000: Klaus Richter DE Preliminary results suggest that CIELAB is better at describing large colour differences as opposed to CIEDE2000. Further work is looking at threshold colour differences. TC1-64 Terminology for Vision, Colour and Appearance: Sharon McFadden CA TC1-66 Indoor Daylight: Janos Schanda HU A TR has been approved describing the need for CIE Indoor Daylight Illuminant(s). A published paper is in preparation to provide the data that support the recommendations made in the TR that two indoor daylight Illuminants be specified as ID65 and ID50. No corresponding sources are recommended. TC1-68 Effect of Stimulus Size on Colour Appearance: Pete Bodrogi HU TC1-69 Colour Rendering of White Light Sources: Wendy Davis US Technical Committees - Colour

7. R1-32 Emotional Aspects of Colour: Gunilla Derefeldt SE R1-39 Alternative Forms of the CIEDE2000 Colour-Difference Equations: Mike Pointer GB Investigate if the four terms of the present formulation of the CIEDE2000 colour-difference equation could be re-worked into three terms. Addition will be required to CIE publication 142:2001 Reporterships - Colour

8. Competing Technologies Colour Matching Booths: Most widely used are filtered tungsten+UV and Fluorescent lamps which both produce acceptable daylight simulators. Spectrophotometers: Almost universal use of pulsed xenon lamps Recommend manufacturers consider potential of high quality simulation achievable from filtered xenon short-arc lamps as SPD will then be closer to that used in spectrophotometers. The standardization of any particular source as “best representing daylight”, is not recommended TC1-44 Practical Sources for Daylight Colorimetry Robert Hirschler HU

9. Daylight simulators Colour matching booths For D50 satisfactory in visible range only For D65 fully comply with the principal standards in the visible and UV For D75 claimed but not proven. Spectrophotometers For D65 only Fully comply with standards TC1-44 Practical Sources for Daylight Colorimetry Robert Hirschler HU

10. TC1-44 Practical Sources for Daylight Colorimetry Robert Hirschler HU Evaluation of Daylight Simulators Two methods: BS950 Relative energy in bands CIE 51.2 Metamerism Index in Visible and UV range. Very high correlation in visible range for non-fluorescent specimens For UV: Not enough technical information to confirm whether a visual examination under a Category BC or better booth, or a spectrophotometer measurement under a Category BB or better source will render fluorescent samples correctly.

11. TC1-44 Practical Sources for Daylight Colorimetry Robert Hirschler HU International Standards for daylight simulators ASTM D1729 D65 only ISO 3664:2000 D50 only ISO 3668 and 11475 D65 only None apply to D75 “may be why the specifications given by the manufacturers are unclear, contradictory or just plain exaggerated”

12. TC1-44 Practical Sources for Daylight Colorimetry Robert Hirschler HU UV Calibration Practices Colour Matching Booths: There are no practical methods … to verify the UV content of the daylight simulators in a booth Spectrophotometers: Common practice is to adjust the UV/Visible ratio of the illumination to compensate for the loss of UV energy due to aging of the lamp.

13. Series of CIE standards to replace CIE15 “Recommendations on Colorimetry” S 014-1 Colorimetry – Part 1: CIE Standard Colorimetric Observers S 014-2 Colorimetry – Part 2: CIE Standard Illuminants S 014-3 Colorimetry – Part 3: Calculation of CIE tristimulus values S 014-4 Colorimetry – Part 4: CIE L*a*b* colour space S 014-5 Colorimetry – Part 5: CIE L*u*v* colour space S 014-6 Colorimetry – Part 6: CIEDE2000 colour-difference formula Parts 1 and 2 issued 2006. Part 3 is still at draft stage. The related work of TC2-60 (Effect of instrumental bandpass function and measurement interval on spectral quantities) is being monitored to be sure that the Standard does not conflict with potential recommendations of that TC. A new draft is planned for later in 2007. Part 4 is now at the National Committee ballot stage with a deadline of 20-Aug-2007. The previous stage elicited an unexpectedly large number of comments from National Committees, some of which have led to clarifications in the Standard. The third draft of Part 5 has recently been approved by the TC and passed to the Division Secretariat and the Central Bureau for division and Board of Administration ballots. Work has not yet started on Part 6. The first draft is planned for later in 2007. TC1-57 Standards in Colorimetry Alan Robertson CA

14. J H Nobbs showed that the four terms of the present formulation of the CIEDE2000 colour-difference equation could be re-worked into three terms.  This reformulation has advantages for example in apportioning the colour difference into hue, chroma and lightness components for shade sorting. R1-39 Alternative Forms of the CIEDE2000 Colour-Difference Equations: Mike Pointer GB

15. Colour measurement, colorimetry, is based on the measurement of spectral reflectance Two shortcomings are identified. First, there are modern materials where colour measurements made using a single pair of illumination/viewing angles is not sufficient to describe the perceived colorimetric effect. Thus, measurement at more illumination/viewing angle combinations is required. Second, the traditional, CIE recommended colorimetric parameters, while providing correlates of visual percepts, are not able to predict the absolute appearance of a coloured sample: colour appearance models are now able to do this. The measurement of gloss is an established methodology but there is some doubt as to the scientific basis for making the measurements using the present method and attempts are being made to define alternative approaches. The extension of gloss measurement, which is essentially a measurement made at a specific angle depending on the apparent gloss of the sample, to investigate the shape of the gloss peak, should provide more information. New: TC1-72(C) Measurement of Appearance Network: MApNet Mike Pointer GB

16. New: TC1-72(C) Measurement of Appearance Network: MApNet Mike Pointer GB Translucency is a subjective term that relates to a scale of values going from total opacity to total transparency. This whole subject area needs investigation to find a rigorous measurement solution that will probably be industry specific. Texture is a harder variable to measure. The advent of digital imaging systems makes the acquisition of images of materials relatively easy, assuming due consideration is given to the resolution of the image capturing device, be it a camera or a scanner. Characterising these images to give accurate CIE based colorimetry is now possible and the application of suitable analysis software should be able to provide measurement scales that relate to the perceived texture. The idea of establishing a series of ‘standard’ textures has been suggested.

17. New: TC1-72(C) Measurement of Appearance Network: MApNet Mike Pointer GB • TC1-65 Measurement of Appearance has published a TR CIE175 and held a Expert Symposium on Appearance. The TC is disbanded and replaced by TC1-72: • New Terms of Reference: • Establish a network of those interested in the measurement of visual appearance • The network shall be under the direction and guidance of a group of at least four Technical Leaders each responsible for a particular aspect of the subject. • Each Technical Leader shall provide substantial periodic reports in a form that might be published. • A second Expert Symposium on Appearance shall be organised within the next four years. • A database of relevant published work shall be maintained. • Consideration shall be given to the establishment of separate Technical Committees when appropriate.

18. TC Membership Conditions The BA has reviewed the membership conditions for TCs. It is proposed that, in future anyone wishing to join a TC must - 1: write to the TCC, copied to the DD and the DS, giving a clear commitment to actively participate in the work of the TC (if accepted as a TC Member) 2: state what expertise they have in the technical area covered by the Terms of Reference of the TC 3: provide a list of any relevant publications, and 4: list which specific aspects of the work of the TC they feel best able to contribute to. These suggested changes to the relevant Guidelines have yet to be approved.

19. Changes at the Helm of Division 1 Outgoing: Sharon McFadden CA DD - Director Françoise Viénot FR ADV Assoc. Director Vision Mike Pointer GB ADC Assoc. Director Colour Ellen Carter US DE - Editor Yasuhisa Nakano JP DS - Secretary Incoming: Ronnie Luo GB DD – Director Miyoshi Ayama ADV Assoc. Director Vision Ellen Carter US ADC Assoc. Director Colour John Setchell US DE - Editor Mike Pointer GB DS – Secretary