Aim: Were medieval towns superior to life on the manor?

1. Aim: Were medieval towns superior to life on the manor? Do Now: If your parents were willing to take care of you financially and let you live with them for the rest of your life, would you do it?

2. I Life in the Middle Ages Was Changing! A) Between 1000 – 1300 CE, the population of Europe tripled. This was due to : • The switch from wooden to iron plows, and a new harness that allowed the use of oxen instead of horses. • An increased use of the 3 field system; more land was planted than in the 2 field system. 3. Europe experienced a warming period (950 – 1250) which helped the growth of crops.

3. 3 Field System

4. Life in the Middle Ages Was Changing… B) Recall that trade increased in Western Europe as a result of the Crusades. This led to a revival of banking. Medieval merchants (businessmen) began to: 1. Use banking houses 2. Pay with credit (delay of payments) 3. Form partnerships: merchants would pool funds to finance large-scale business ventures *Many of these changes were borrowed from the Muslims!

5. Birth of Banking in Florence

6. II Medieval Trade B) Venice and Florence controlled most trade in southern Europe.

8. Medieval Trade Continued… C) The Hanseatic League dominated trade in northern Europe. 1. Prevented robbers & pirates 2. Built light houses 3. Trained ship pilots Stockholm, Norway, a former Hanseatic League city.

9. III Medieval Trade Fairs and Cities • Merchants set up a temporary shop by busy trade route intersections. Overtime this led to the growth of trade fairs and cities. B) Medieval trade fairs were similar to outdoor flea markets. Merchants would sell a variety of goods, and there was live entertainment.

10. Medieval Trade Fairs and Cities Continued… C) As manors became less prosperous, merchants were able to buy a town charter from the lord. A charter was a document that guaranteed freedom to the town that was on the lord’s land.

11. What Did a Medieval Town Look Like? Workersof thesamecraftortradelivedonthesamestreet, whichwasoftennamedaftertheiroccupation. Did You Know? Surnames (last names) became common in the Middle Ages. They were usually based on your profession. Look at the plan of thetown. Whatsort of occupationscouldyoufindthere?

12. Bruges, Belgium, A Very Pretty Medieval Town!

13. Notice the narrow streets.

14. IV Medieval Guilds • Merchants and craftspeople formed guilds to protect their professions. *Recall that laws did not yet exist to protect businesses like today. • Guilds made rules to protect the quality of goods, regulate work hours, and set prices. They also provided social services for its members, including providing for widows and orphans.

15. Medieval Guilds Continued… C) Rather than attending school, you learned by doing. APPRENTICE: At 7-8 years old you would leave your family to live with a master of the craft you want to learn. JOURNEYMEN: Salaried workers. It was difficult to become a master; you had to be accepted by the majority of the guild masters. MASTER: You could set up your own shop.

16. Metal Smith Dyer

17. Baker and Apprentice

18. Blacksmith

19. Medieval Cobbler

20. Complaints of Filth, London, 1314 Friday 9 August 1314: … a gutter running under… the houses was provided to receive the rainwater and other water draining from the houses, gutters and street, so that the flow might cleanse the privy [toilet] on the Hithe, Alice Wade has made a wooden pipe connecting the seat of the privy… with the gutter, which is frequently stopped up by the filth there from, and the neighbors under whose houses the gutter runs are greatly inconvenienced by the stench. Judgment that she remove the pipe within 40 days.

21. What would happen if we had pigs roaming the streets of Forest Hills?

22. Key Vocabulary • Warming Period • 3 Field System • Merchant • Credit • Partnership • Craftspeople • Trade Fairs • Venice • Hanseatic League • Guilds • Apprentice • Journeyman • Master • Surname • Charter