1 / 36

Exploring Skin Anatomy: Layers, Functions, and Appendages

Delve into the intricate layers and functions of the skin, from the epidermis to the dermis, and learn about skin color, burns, and appendages like hair, nails, and glands. Unravel the complexities of this vital organ!

lmcnerney
Download Presentation

Exploring Skin Anatomy: Layers, Functions, and Appendages

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Integumentary System Skin and Its Appendages Anatomy & Physiology

  2. Skin or Integument • Largest organ in the body • Integumentary System: denotes the skin and its appendages

  3. Structure of the skin

  4. Layers of the skin • Epidermis: Outer, thinner layer • Dermis: Thicker layer, connective tissue • Hypodermis: Subcutaneous layer, superficial fascia

  5. Thick Skin • Refers to epidermal layer only • Found: palms of hands, soles of feet, fingertips • Each of the 5 layers present • Dermal papillae: fingerprints • No hair

  6. Cell Types of Epidermis • Keratinocytes: contain keratin, make up 90% of epidermal cells • Melanocytes: contribute color to skin • Langerhanscells: immunological reactions in skin

  7. Cell Layers of Epidermis • Stratum corneum • Stratum lucidum • Stratum granulosum • Stratum spinosum • Stratum basale

  8. Stratum corneum (horny layer) • Flat thin squamous cells • Surface cells dead & continually being shed • Cytoplasm in cells replaced by keratin • Desmosomes hold cells together • Barrier layer of the skin

  9. Stratum lucidum (clear layer) • Nuclei absent • Cells contain eleidin which will be transformed to keratin • Blocks water penetration or loss • Absent from thin skin

  10. Stratum granulosum (granular layer) • Keratinization begins • 2-4 layers deep • Maybe absent in thin skin • Cells filled with granules called keratohyalin

  11. Stratum spinosum (spiny layer) • 8-10 layers with prominent desmosomes which appear spiny under a microscope • Cells rich in RNA

  12. Stratum basale (base layer) • Single layer of columnar cells • Only cells which undergo mitosis • Cells migrate from basal layer thru the outer layers

  13. Dermal-Epidermal Junction • Contains basement membrane • Also contains a polysaccharide gel that “glues” 2 layers together

  14. Dermis • Thin papillary layer & thick reticular layer • Thickest on soles & palms • Thinnest on eyelids & penis • Mechanical strength of skin

  15. Papillary layer • Forms the bumps, dermal papillae which project into epidermis • Allows us to grip surfaces & creates fingerprints

  16. Reticular layer • More dense collagen & elastic fibers • Serves as point of attachment for muscle fibers • Skeletal muscle: muscles of facial expression • Smooth muscle: arrectorpili muscles on hair follicles

  17. Skin Color • Determined by quantity of melanin in cells of epidermis • All races have about the same number of melanocytes but differ in amount of melanin produced • Sun can increase melanin production

  18. Functions of skin • Protection • Sensation • Movement without injury • Vitamin D production • Excretion • Immunity • Temperature regulation

  19. Heat Loss • Evaporation • Radiation • Conduction • Convection

  20. Burns • Predict body surface area to determine how much fluid to replace: • Rule of palms (1%) • Rule of nines

  21. First degree burn • Involves only the epidermis • No blistering or scarring • Sunburn • Reddening of the skin, mild discomfort

  22. Second degree burn • Involves epidermis & dermis • Blistering, pain, swelling • May scar

  23. Third degree burn • Destruction of epidermis & dermis, may involve underlying tissue • Severe scarring

  24. Appendages of the skin • Hair • Nails • Skin glands

  25. Hair • Lanugo hair: fine hair covering fetus • Vellus hair: replacement for lanugo hair, first appears on scalp, eyelids, eyebrows • Terminal hair: Coarse hair that replaces vellus hair-axillary, pubic, beard, chest & hair on arms & legs in men

  26. Hair follicle • Stratum germinativum develops into follicle's inner layer and forms the germinal matrix • Small mound of dermis protruding into germinal matrix is the papilla (contains blood capillaries)

  27. Nails

  28. Parts of the Nail Matrix- the thickened, proximal area of the nail that is responsible for growth Bed- the hard translucent visible part of the nail Root- the point of attachment under the skin Cuticle- the layer of skin that prevents dirt and bacteria from getting into the nail bed Free Body- the end of the nail that is not connected to the skin

  29. Glands • Sweat or sudoriferous glands • Eccrine sweat gland • Apocrine sweat glands • Sebaceous glands • Ceruminous glands

  30. Eccrine sweat glands • Most numerous • Over most of the body • Secretory portion located in the subcutaneous tissue • Simple coiled tubular gland

  31. Apocrine Sweat glands • Found in armpit, areola of breast, around the anus • Large than eccrine • Connected with hair follicles

  32. Sebaceous glands • Secrete sebum into each follicle

  33. Ceruminous glands • Modification of apocrine sweat glands • Open into ears • Produce cerumen

  34. Image Citations • Slide 1: cross section of skin, 7/12/06, http://vilenski.org/science/humanbody/hb_html/skin.html • Slide 3: Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology, Seventeenth Edition by Thibodeau & Patton, Chapter 6. • Slide 5: Thick skin, 7/30/06, http://erl.pathology.iupui.edu/HISTO/LABE151.HTM • Slide 6: Melanocytes, 7/30/06, http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/CorePages/Integumentary/Integum.htm • Slide 7: Thick skin trichrome, 7/30/06, http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/CorePages/Integumentary/Integum.htm • Slide 8: Slide 43, Thick skin, 7/30/06, http://w3.ouhsc.edu/histology/Glass%20slides/43_09.jpg • Slide 9: Stratum lucidum human foot, 7/30/06, http://oregonstate.edu/~hanba/Projector%20Slides/Projector%20Slides/Skin%20Stratum%20Lucidum%20Human%20Foot-2.jpg • Slide 10: Stratum granulosum, 7/30/06, http://anatomy.iupui.edu/courses/histo_D502/D502f04/Labs.f04/Lab14/s31.100x.i3.jpg • Slide 11: Stratum spinosum, 7/30/06, http://anatomy.iupui.edu/courses/histo_D502/D502f04/Labs.f04/Lab14/s31.100x.i2.jpg • Slide 12: Stratum basale, 7/30/06, http://online-media.uni-marburg.de/histologie/introhis/HIS/skin/skin06.gif • Slide 14: Dermis, 7/30/06, http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/dermatology/dermis.htm • Slide 15: Dermis, 7/30/06, http://neuromedia.neurobio.ucla.edu/campbell/skin/wp_images/7%20dermis.jpg • Slide 16: 7/30/06, http://www.potterleague.org/Potter_Kids_Final/pet_body_lang.htm

  35. Image Citations • Slide 20: Wallace’s rule of nines, 7/30/06, http://www.sunmed.org/burns.html • Slide 21: First degree burn, 7/30/06, http://www.grossmanburncenter.com/orig-site/web/care/causes.htm • Slide 22: Burn symptoms, 7/30/06, http://www.maggiessecret.com.au/burns-scalds.aspx • Slide 23: Third degree burn, 7/30/06, http://www.grossmanburncenter.com/orig-site/web/care/causes.htm • Slide 26: Thibodeau & Patton, Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology, Seventeenth Edition. • Slide 27: Thin Skin, 7/30/06, http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/Labs/Anatomy_&_Physiology/A&P201/Integumentary/hair_follicle_100x_PA112040labeled.JPG • Slide 28: Sebaceous gland and shaft of hair follicle, 7/30/06, http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/ms/resources/anatomy/histologyimages/t146.html • Slide 29: “Structure of nails”, Thibodeau & Patton, Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology, Seventeenth Edition. • Slide 31: “Skin Glands”, Thibodeau & Patton, Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology, Seventeenth Edition. • Slide 32: Dermis (Apocrine sweat glands), 7/30/06, http://www3.umdnj.edu/histsweb/lab11/lab11apocrine.html

More Related