What You’ll Learn

1. What You’ll Learn 1. List and discuss nine types of violence. 2. Identify 20 risk factors that increase the likelihood that a person will become a perpetrator or a victim of violence. 3. Identify 20 protective factors that reduce the likelihood that a person will become a perpetrator or a victim of violence.

2. What You’ll Learn 4. Explain how passive, aggressive, and assertive behavior influence the risk of being a perpetrator or a victim of violence. 5. Analyze and apply strategies for avoiding violence.

3. Key Terms • aggressive behavior • passive behavior • violence • perpetrator of violence • victim of violence • assault • homicide • child abuse • domestic violence • elder abuse

4. Violence • Violence is the use of physical force to injure, damage, or destroy oneself, others, or property. • The avoidance of the threatened or actual use of physical force to injure, damage, or destroy oneself, others, or property is nonviolence.

5. Violence • A perpetrator of violence is a person who commits a violent act. • A victim of violence is a person who has been harmed by violence.

6. What to Know About Types of Violence • Bullying • Bullying is the intentional psychological, emotional, or physical harassment of one person by another person or group. • Bullying can occur at school or other locations. • Bullying includes exclusion from a peer group, inducing fear or a sense of inferiority, taking money or property by force, and violence.

7. What to Know About Types of Violence • Fighting • Taking part in a physical struggle is fighting. • In most cases of murder involving teens, the violence began as a fight.

8. What to Know About Types of Violence • Assault • Assault is a physical attack or threat of attack. • There are more assault injuries to teens than people of any other age group. • Assault usually occurs because a person wants to harm another person or as a result of another type of crime. • People who have been assaulted may require emergency medical treatment.

9. What to Know About Types of Violence • Suicide • Suicide is the intentional taking of one’s own life. • Suicide is a deadly and final solution to temporary problems. • Teens who commit suicide usually have experienced depression, anger, hopelessness, alcohol and other drug abuse, family problems, or relationship problems for which they may have received help.

10. What to Know About Types of Violence • Suicide • Suicide is the third leading cause of death among teens. • Young women are three times more likely than young men to attempt suicide. • Men are four times more likely to successfully commit suicide than women.

11. What to Know About Types of Violence • Homicide • Homicide is the killing of one person through the act, advantage, or mistake of another. • Homicide is murder, manslaughter, an excusable homicide, or a justifiable homicide. • Murder is the death of a person as a result of intentional actions. • Manslaughter is the death of a person as a result of neglect, abuse, or recklessness.

12. What to Know About Types of Violence • Homicide • An excusable homicide is the death of a person as a result of an accident while doing any lawful act, without criminal negligence or any unlawful intent. • Justifiable homicide is the death of a person as a result of the intention to kill or to do serious bodily injury under circumstances that the law holds sufficient to pardon the person who commits it.

13. What to Know About Types of Violence • Homicide • Murder and manslaughter are unlawful homicides. • The acts of excusable and justifiable homicides are lawful. • Homicide is the second leading cause of death in teens.

14. What to Know About Types of Violence • Sexual harassment • Sexual harassment is unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature when submission to or rejection of this conduct creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive environment. • Federal law makes it clear that sexual harassment never should occur in a school.

15. What to Know About Types of Violence • Rape • Rape is sexual penetration without consent obtained by force or threat of harm, or when the victim is incapable of giving consent. • If a person does not agree willingly to have sex, there is no consent.

16. What to Know About Types of Violence • Rape • People under a certain age and people who do not have certain mental abilities are considered unable to give consent even if they willingly agree to have sex. • A person who has sex with someone without consent is guilty of committing rape.

17. What to Know About Types of Violence • Child abuse • Child abuse is the harmful treatment of a minor thatcan cause injury or psychological damage. • Child abuse may involve physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect. • The most common type of child abuse is neglect, followed by physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. • Perpetrators are usually family members or family friends.

18. What to Know About Types of Violence • Domestic violence • Domestic violence is abuse used by one person in a relationship to control the other. • Domestic violence, including physical assault, sexual abuse, and stalking, is criminal behavior. • Emotional, psychological, and financial abuse are not criminal behaviors, but they are abuse and can lead to criminal behaviors.

19. What to Know About Types of Violence • Domestic violence • Domestic violence can happen frequently, or once in a while. • About 30 percent of all female murder victims in the U.S. are killed by their current or former intimate partner. • Domestic violence also includes violence between other family members. • It is estimated that one-half of all families have experienced some type of domestic violence.

20. What to Know About Types of Violence • Parent abuse • Parent abuse is the abuse of parents by their children, and is a type of elder abuse. • Elder abuse is physical, emotional, or psychological harm done to an older adult. • Elder abuse also can be financial exploitation or intentional or unintentional neglect of an older adult by the caregiver.

22. Risk Factors • A risk factor is something that increases the likelihood of a negative outcome. • There are several risk factors that increase the likelihood that you will be a perpetrator or a victim of violence.

23. What to Know About Risk Factors • Risk factors refer only to the statistical probability that an individual will be affected by or become a perpetrator of violence. • Individuals with more risk factors and fewer coping skills are vulnerable.

24. What to Know About Risk Factors • Risk factors occur at the individual, family, school, and community levels; however, you have varying degrees of controlover the different risk factors. • Knowing about risk factors is an important step in protecting yourself and others from violence.

25. Twenty Factors That Increase the Likelihood That You Will Be a Perpetrator or a Victim of Violence • failing to recognize violent behavior • being raised in a dysfunctional family • living in an adverse environment • being unable to manage anger • lacking self-respect •lacking social skills • having suicidal tendencies • resolving conflict in harmful ways • practicing discriminatory behavior • lacking responsible decision-making skills • carrying a weapon

26. Twenty Factors That Increase the Likelihood That You Will Be a Perpetrator or a Victim of Violence • being unable to manage stress •not participating in physical and recreational activities • using alcohol or other harmful drugs • being unable to resist negative peer pressure •belonging to a gang • challenging authority or breaking laws • failing to take precautions to protect yourself • avoidingrecoveryifyouhave been a victim of violence • repeating violence if you have been a juvenile offender

27. Protective Factors • Something that increases the likelihood of a positive outcome is a protective factor. • There are several protective factors that reduce the likelihood that you will become a perpetrator or a victim of violence.

28. What to Know About Protective Factors • Protective factors refer only to the statistical probability that your health, safety, and well-being will be protected. • Statistically, the more protective factors that apply to you, the less likely you are to become a victim or a perpetrator of violence. • Protective factors help promote resiliency.

29. What to Know About Protective Factors • Resiliency is the ability to adjust, recover, and learn from change, illness, or misfortune without becoming overwhelmed or acting in inappropriate ways. • Your level of resiliency determines how well you can overcome adversity and hold up under pressure. • High levels of resiliency help you come out of situations stronger. • Self-confidence and self-esteem make you more emotionally resilient.

30. Twenty Factors That Reduce the Likelihood That You Will Be a Perpetrator or a Victim of Violence • recognizing violent behavior • having self-respect • being raised in a healthful family • living in a nurturing environment • having social skills • staying away from gangs •being able to manage anger and stress • participating in physical and recreational activities • practicing suicide prevention strategies • practicing self-protection strategies • being able to resolve conflict

31. Twenty Factors That Reduce the Likelihood That You Will Be a Perpetrator or a Victim of Violence • avoiding discriminatory behavior • making responsible decisions • being able to resist negative peer pressure • avoiding the use of alcohol and other harmful drugs •staying away from weapons • showing respect for authority and obeying laws • participating in recovery if you have been a victim of violence • changing your behavior if you have been a juvenile offender in the past

32. Assertive Behavior and Violence • Your behavior can influence the likelihood that you will be a perpetrator or a victim of violence. • If you would like to have positive interactions with others you need to be able to assert yourself effectively.

33. Assertive Behavior and Violence • If you express your feelings and needs, while respecting those of others, you will be neither a perpetrator nor a victim. • The more you trust and value your feelings, the more likely you will be to resist peer pressure, to respect adults, and to be successful in achieving your personal goals.

34. How Assertive Behavior Reduces the Risk of Violence • Aggressive behavior • Aggressive behavior is the use of words or actions that are disrespectful toward others. • There are three types of aggressive behavior: physical, verbal, and indirect. • Physical aggression includes pushing, shoving, hitting, slapping, biting, kicking, and hair-pulling.

35. How Assertive Behavior Reduces the Risk of Violence • Aggressive behavior • Verbal aggression includes threatening and intimidating others and engaging in malicious teasing, taunting, and name-calling. • Indirect aggression includes gossiping, spreading cruel rumors, staring or glaring at someone, and rejecting or excluding someone.

36. How Assertive Behavior Reduces the Risk of Violence • Aggressive behavior • Aggressive behaviors increase the risk for being a perpetrator or a victim of violence. • Aggressive actions may provoke others into retaliation or into defending themselves.

37. How Assertive Behavior Reduces the Risk of Violence • Passive behavior • Passive behavior is the holding back of ideas, feelings, and decisions. • Passive behavior can increase the risk of being a perpetrator and a victim of violence. • People with passive behavior do not stand up for themselves or expect others to respect them.

38. How Assertive Behavior Reduces the Risk of Violence • Assertive behavior • Assertive behavior is the honest expression of ideas, feelings, and decisions while respecting the rights and feelings of others. • People with assertive behavior are not controlling, forceful, or intimidating, and express anger in appropriate ways.

39. How Assertive Behavior Reduces the Risk of Violence • Assertive behavior • People with assertive behavior communicate in healthful ways and are able to resolve conflict without fighting. • The use of assertive behavior decreases the risk for being perpetrators or victims of violence.

40. 7E, 7F, 16C Study Guide 1. Match the following terms and definitions. ___ resiliency ___ protective factor ___ assertive behavior ___ risk factor ___ bullying A. something that increases the likelihood of a positive outcome B. the honest expression of ideas and feelings while respecting the rights and feelings of others C. something that increases the likelihood of a negative outcome D. intentional harassment of one person by another person or group E. the ability to adjust, recover, and learn from change without acting in inappropriate ways E A B C D

41. 7E, 7F, 16C Study Guide 2. Match the following behaviors. ___ physical aggression ___ verbal aggression ___ indirect aggression A. gossiping, spreading cruel rumors, staring or glaring at someone, rejecting or excluding someone B. pushing, shoving, hitting, slapping, biting, kicking, and hair-pulling C. threatening and intimidating others, engaging in malicious teasing, taunting, and name-calling B C A

42. 7E, 7F, 14B, 16C Study Guide 3. Identify the following statements as true or false. _______ Passive behavior can increase the risk of being a perpetrator and a victim of violence. _______ Protective factors help promote resiliency. _______ Emotional, psychological, and financial abuse are criminal behaviors _______ Homicide is the second leading cause of death in teens. true true false true

43. End of the Lesson

44. Lesson Resources tx.healthmh.com/violence tx.healthmh.com/risk_factors tx.healthmh.com/protective_factors tx.healthmh.com/study_guide

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