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Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado

Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado. PEASANTS AND INDIGENOUS SOCIAL MOVEMENTS FOR RIGHTS ON LAND IN BOLIVIA By Pamela Cartagena. CIPCA Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado.

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Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado

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  1. Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado PEASANTS AND INDIGENOUS SOCIAL MOVEMENTS FOR RIGHTS ON LAND IN BOLIVIA By Pamela Cartagena

  2. CIPCA Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado Contributetopolitical, economic and cultural strengthment of indigenous -male and female- and participatefor a democratic, intercultural, equitable and sustainable Bolivia Indigenous and peasantsorganizationswithdemocracy and effective Propiety and rigthsaboutland, territory and natural resources Rural sustainableeconomy Intercultural democracy and efficient in local governments Publicpolicies in favor of indigenous and peasants

  3. BOLIVIA AN ANDEAN AMAZONIAN COUNTRY • Territory1.098.581 Km2 Population9.827.516 Urban: 63% (5.165.230) • Rural : 37% Density8,94 hab/Km2 Megadiverse Natural: 4 biomas, 14 eco regions, 199 ecosystems Cultural: 38 ethnicgroups

  4. 1996 2da ”MARCHA POR EL TERRITORIO, EL DESARROLLO Y LA PARTICIPACION POLITICA DE LOS PUEBLOS INDIGENAS Y CAMPESINOS DE BOLIVIA 2000 “MARCHA POR LA TIERRA, EL TERRITORIO Y LOS RECURSOS NATURALES 1990 1ra.“MARCHA POR EL TERRITORIO Y LA DIGNIDAD” DEMANDAS SOCIALES POR TIERRA, TERRITORIO 2002 “MARCHA POR EL TERRITORIO, LOS RECURSOS NATURALES Y PEDIDO DE LA ASAMBLEA CONSTITUYENTE ” 2004 “MARCHA POR LA NACIONALIZACIÓN, JUSTICIA, DIGNIDAD Y SOBERANÍA NACIONAL”(Octubre) 2006 “MARCHA NACIONAL CAMPESINA E INDIGENA POR LA LEY DE RECONDUCCION COMUNITARIA

  5. Agrarianreforms in Bolivia Landsmercantilism in Bolivia Oportunities and risks Stakeholders roles SUMMARY

  6. 1. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR LAND IN BOLIVIA Agrarianreformlaw No 3464 of 1953 Itwasgenerated in agrarianrevolution of 1952 whenindigenousrequiredtogovernmentforlandrights Thelawcontributedto: i) Indigenoushaveright and accesstoland; ii) Desintegratetheranchsystem in highlands and eliminatedtheservitudesystem; iii) Startcolonization in lowlands AgrarianNationalReformInstitutelaw No 1715 of 1996 Itwasgeneratedbythefirst “march of territory and dignity” whenindigenouspeoplemarchfromlowlandsto La Paz and demandedtogovernmentaboutcolectiverightsforland Thelawcontributedto: i) Defines a term of 10 yearsforfinishthe legal process of land ; ii) Thatthesataterecognizedcommunitypropiety (TCOs) Community re-conductionlaw No 3454 of 2006 Itwasgeneratedbythefifth “marchforland” whenindigenousasktogovernmenttofinishthe legal processforland, Thelawcontributedto: i) extended thetermfor 7 years more tofinishthe legal processforland; ii) distributed fiscal landforindigenouscommunity; iii) Givespriotitytowomanparticipation in the legal nlandprocess; iv) determinedthe FES as therequirementforlandproperty

  7. Bolivianlawsrecognized 2 types of property

  8. LAND MERCANTILISM IN BOLIVIA Sincefisrtyears of republican lifetofisthagrarianreform, itwasdeterminedlandmercantilization… Landmonopolizing and merchandisingconstitutedthemaininterests of liberal governingoligarchy In thewestthe “proceso de ex vinculación de tierras” brokecomunityproperty and distributedforindigenouspeople as individual owners, and yearslater, manyindigenouspeoplelosttheirpropiertybecausetheydidnotpay a taxforland. Somegroupswitheconomicpowerconsolidatedtheranch and peopleservitudesystem. In theeast and in theamazonianarea, governmencreated a law “nationalterritory of colonies” fornational and foreignsinvestorstoexploited natural resources (Quina, Caucho, Almendra, Madera). Thosepeopleconsolidatedlargelandextentionswichsincludesindigenouspopulationsinhabiting (Barracas gomero castañera).

  9. LAND MERCANTILISM IN BOLIVIA Agrarianreform of 1996 orderspartiallylandmercantilism Thislaweliminatesthe free price in landsprovisionsbymeans of establishinglandsadjudications at marketvaluefor individual owners Thelawestablished 10 yearstofinishthe legal processforland Thelawrecognizedcollectivepropietysystem of land (TCOs) Reorganized surface for the period1996-2005 according to type of property Bolivia a country withbiginequities UNPD 8 millones ha 42000 familias 1,2 millones ha 1000 familias

  10. Agrarianreform of 1996 orderspartiallylandmercantilism…. Theagrarianreform of 1996 neverregulatedtherentingorparthnershipscontract , thenmanysmall and mediumfarmersgivetheirlandtoforeignspeople, especially in theeast of Bolivia (lowlands) Surface of soy beanaccordingorigin of producer in Santa Cruz, 2006 Trend Source: Owndevelopmentwith data base of ANAPO, 2006; and Medeiros, 2008

  11. 1993 2000 Deforestation in Santa Cruz

  12. LAND MERCANTILISM IN BOLIVIA Thecommunityre-conductionlaw of 2006 can reduces landmercantilism Guaranteescommunityproperty Defines theestrictcomply of FES forlandproperty Demandswomanparticipation in land legal process; thefirst place in legal documentsaboutland Givesprioritythedistribution of fiscal land in favor toindigenous and peasantscommunity Status landpropertybetween 2 lastagrarianreforms

  13. LAND MERCANTILISM IN BOLIVIA Thecommunityre-conductionlaw of 2006 can reduces landmercantilism Status landproperty in Pando, 2009.

  14. LAND MERCANTILISM IN BOLIVIA Thecommunity re-conuctionlaw of 2006 can reduces landmercantilism… The FES compliance as a requirement for lands ownership Cut Surfaces in Pando due to non-compliance of FES during the reorganization. Source: Ours own development based on database of INRA Pando, 2008.

  15. The FES compliance as a requirement for lands ownership Large landholding and cuts executed by el INRA at law lands. 10 families 15 families 5 familias 3 familias Source: Ours own development based on database of INRA, 2008

  16. Progress at recognition of women rights regarding lands property.

  17. SOME RISKS REGARDING LANDS MERCANTILISM AT VALID LEGAL FIELD Regional division between east and west because the new laws and policies are affecting to power groups especially from eastern part, for example those who are tryin to divide the country and those who are in opposition to government including the media have performed a serious movement against CPE. A new way of large landholding because the Bolivian new political constitution recognize that the sort of business-association property allows the association of various owners meanwhile the individual properties are not more than 5000 ha. It is not fully guaranteed the land right and access to natural resources for women in the case of community property because persists the patriarchal system in government, civil society and communities Division of community property by interests regarding natural resources coming from business companies who have interest for natural resources (wood, castaña, and other resources) that together with bad leaders are breaking the community property. Depriving of cultivable lands at low lands by foreigners who want to produce according to market demands and without considering food safety and sovereignty, for example at soy production areas and the expectations in order to become agro-fuel production areas. This is related to food non-safety and persisting high levels of childhood malnutrition.

  18. Non protection of the rights of rural and native towns regarding their lands, on one hand due to not having investment capacity and on the other hand because of the change effects and development visions which promote a modern way style in their lives. The rural people are influenced by development current models at low lands such as the agro-industry destined to export, the extensive livestock and forest production for export, being the most important. Violation human rights of indigenous population, especially in the eastern (Chaco and amazonian area) where it is sold the ranches including families or it is moved pawns in from a ranch to another including debts. The state lost the control on the land, specially at Eastern part from Bolivia and in frontier area. The government don´t have econocmical and technical resources for a serious control then in many areas are living foreigners under illegal renting contracts or under settlement

  19. CHALLENGES FOR STAKEHOLDERS • CIVIL SOCIETY • Understandthatthepeasants and indigenouusdemands are genuine • Diffussetherights and obligationsthatisincluded in thebolivian new constitution • Facilitatethestrengtheningcapacities and theparticipationprocessstartedbyindigenous and peasantpeople • Construct a developmentstrategy in colaborationwith local stakeholders • Propose new laws, reforms, and ideas forpoliciestogovernment LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS Renewal of local leaders Guaaranteehighparticipation in the new plurinationalparliament Construct a developmentvision and strategy Analize and propose new laws, reforms, and ideas forpoliciestogovernment

  20. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT • UnderstandBoliviandiversity (itisnotallaltiplanicarea) • Generateparticipation y decisionmakingmechanism • Totakeadvantagethatimportantbolivianbiodiversity • DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES • UnderstandBoliviandiversity • Toaccopmpanythebolivian new constitutionimplementation LOCAL GOVERMENT Construct and implement a developmentstrategyaccording local particularities Lead –at local level- theprocessforpropose new laws, reforms, and ideas forpoliciestogovernment Payatention in theurgent and strategicneedsfrom local population Guaranteetheefficient use of economicalresources

  21. www.cipca.org.bo

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