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Napoleon Bonaparte - 1769-1821 - Day 2

Napoleon Bonaparte - 1769-1821 - Day 2 . EU - In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of stability. Complete packet page 15 to review the rise of Napoleon’s Empire

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Napoleon Bonaparte - 1769-1821 - Day 2

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  1. Napoleon Bonaparte - 1769-1821 - Day 2 EU - In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of stability. Complete packet page 15 to review the rise of Napoleon’s Empire Log onto website, go to classwork documents, read napoleon and censorship.pdf and answer the “Thinking it through” question Complete packet page 16 to review the collapse of Napoleon’s Empire Actively Read p 19 about two views of Napoleon and answer questions 1-2 Draw a cartoon illustrating the rise, the fall of and the legacy of Napoleon The cartoon will be completed individually on unlined paper, preferably in color.

  2. France Under Napoleon Central Government is Strengthened 1) Reforms 1. Controls Economy 2. Builds Roads/ Canals 3. Public Schools – the lycees 4. Concordat of 1801- Peace with the Church 5. He had the support of all Classes 2) Napoleonic Code • Equality – in law and justice • Right to own property – creates a permanent bourgeois society • Religious Freedom • Women lost rights • Order over individual rights BUTheavy-handed police state under Minister of Police Fouche • Restrictions on speech, press and political organizations • More executions

  3. France Under Napoleon Cont • Slave uprising and a challenge to French authority needed to be put down • Cost was too high and too many deaths lead to Napoleon removing French troops • Sold Louisiana to the US to give the US a chance to compete with Britain and to get money for France’s European wars

  4. Battle of Trafalgar 5. Napoleon wanted to destroy the British Navy to break the continental blockade and so that France would be able to invade the British Islands. The two navies met at the naval Battle of Trafalgar. • British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeated the French navy (Nelson died) and • Britain was safe while • France was cooped up on the European continent because • The French Combined fleet was essentially destroyed

  5. Subduing an Empire Key military factors and beliefs • Individual Losses for overall Victory- OK with Napoleon • Rapid Movement/ New Plans and Tactics- • Napoleon was an artillery and overall military genius A. The Grand Empire 1. Annex- Add Territory- Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, Germany 2. Abolished H.R.E.- Creates 38 Member Conference of the Rhine in what is now Germany 3. Part of Poland- the Grand Duchy of Warsaw conquered by Napoleon 4. Put family and friends on European Thrones (Joe Bonaparte- Spain) 5. Divorces Josephine- Married niece of Marie Antoinette- A Princess of Austria

  6. France v. Britain 1. 1805- Battle of Trafalgar- Admiral Nelson destroyed French Fleet 2. Continental System- Closed European Ports under French control to British Ships and British made goods 3. British Blockade- British navy cut off all traffic in and out of French ports • Successes and Failures • Continental System – big failure • Scarce Goods- Prices went up 3. Victories- led to Nationalism- French Pride

  7. The End of an Era • Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire • Napoleon’s Armies viewed as oppressors, not liberators as he saw himself~ many riots and revolts throughout the empire. • The Peninsula War ~Spanish and Portuguese resistance- 1808-1813 • Spanish loyal to former King, not his brother, troops sent in to insure Joe B’s rule. • Guerilla Warfare- hit and run against the French • Keeps troops occupied and bogged down in Spain • Portugal refuses to participate in Continental Blockade. Troops sent to force cooperation.

  8. Attack on Russia- Defeat 1) Czar Alexander I stopped participating in the continental System 2) Napoleon invaded Russia, sending in the “Grand Army” (600,000) 3) Russians retreated east, employing the “Scorched Earth” tactic. (Good example of History Repeating itself- ask me). 4) Napoleon in Moscow By September, but could not stay during winter- no food - 600,000 men began journey, only between 10,000 to 40,000returned. Numbers vary – these are from PBS Napoleon at War

  9. IV. Downfall of Napoleon • Russia, Great Britain, Prussia, Austria v. Napoleon • Battle of Nations at Leipzig • Napoleon is defeated, forced to Abdicate • Exiled to Elba- Louis XVIII is placed on the Thrown B) Napoleon Returns – for 100 days • People Hate Louis 18- Economy is a mess, people and military still loyal to Napoleon • Napoleon escapes Elba- organizes army, runs Louis out of France C) Waterloo- 1. June 18, 1815- Belgium 2. Defeated by the Duke of Wellington and General Blucher (Prussia) 3. Exiled to St. Helena forever

  10. Interpreting Maps olt p 232 on pdf 19 • Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Confederation of Rhine (Germany), Duchy of Warsaw (Poland), Italy, Illyrian Provinces (Yugoslavia), Switzerland, Spain – Russia, Prussia and Austria were allied with France by 1810, but not controlled by Napoleon’s France • About 1700 miles, 2800 km • North n w • Spain at Gibraltar • Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Great Britain, Ireland, Portugal, Sardinia, Sicily, Ottoman Empire were not controlled by or allied with Napoleon • There was more land allied with or controlled by Napoleon than unallied and unconquered. • 1600 miles or 2600km • Trafalgar, Ulm, Austerlitz, Wagram and Friedland

  11. Viewpoints on Napoleonpp 18 1. Napoleon uses force and cunning to persuade people He grew more and more dictatorial, further and further encroaching (moving into and taking) people’s liberty, and the independence of the rest of Europe. 2. Napoleon is legitimate and should be supported, not because of nobility but because he will best protect the liberty of the 3rd Estate. He also has right to rule because he leads the successful army as it conquers all of France and Europe.

  12. V. Legacy of Napoleon • Values of the French Revolution were spread throughout Europe – equality, liberty, justice, the rights of man. • France Government Centralized with Constitution • Civil Code (Napoleonic codes) applicable to all citizens – right to own property – spreads bourgeois middle class property owners to all of Europe • Limited Suffrage Elections • Nationalism For European Nations • Sold Louisiana Territory to U.S. • Congress of Vienna and balance of European Power – peace in Europe.

  13. Membership: • Austria • Prussia • Russia • France • Great Britain • Goals: • Establish lasting peace in Europe (based on theory of balance of power) • Prevent future French aggression • Restore monarchs Congress of Vienna • Actions Taken: • Creation of some new powers • Kingdom of Netherlands • adding to Kingdom of Sardinia • German Confederation • Independent Switzerland • Took land from France to return to pre-1792 borders • Developed Concert of Europe and Holy Alliance • Legacy • Short-term • conservatives returned to power • Revolts in many colonies like Brazil and Mexico • Long-term • 40 years of European peace • France slightly weakened and Britain and Germany strengthened to balance France • Rise of nationalism • Implemented balance of power concept Congress of Vienna

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