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有机化学自测题 ( 三 )

CHO. SO 3 H. OH. COOH. 1. 2. 3. 4. O 2 N. NO 2. OCH 3. NO 2. CH 3. OH. OH. NO 2. OH. CHO. H. CH 3. OH. H. H. C. 5. 6. C. 7. C. C. OH. CH 3. CH—CH 3. H. CHO. H. CH 2 OH. OH. 9. 8. —CH. CH － CHO. CHO. 有机化学自测题 ( 三 ). 训练内容：醇、酚、醚和醛、酮、醌. 一、命名或写结构式：.

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有机化学自测题 ( 三 )

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  1. CHO SO3H OH COOH 1. 2. 3. 4. O2N NO2 OCH3 NO2 CH3 OH OH NO2 OH CHO H CH3 OH H H C 5. 6. C 7. C C OH CH3 CH—CH3 H CHO H CH2OH OH 9. 8. —CH CH－CHO CHO 有机化学自测题(三) 训练内容：醇、酚、醚和醛、酮、醌 一、命名或写结构式： 10. 4－溴－4 －己烯－3 －酮 11. 3 －苯基－2 －戊烯－1 －醇 13. Z －1 －羟基－4 －己烯－3 －酮 12. 2，4 －二硝基苯肼

  2. —OH (A) —CH2OH(A) O 2. —CHO(B) 1. (B) CH3—C—H —C—CH3(C) CH3CH2—C—CH2—CH3(C) O O 二、用化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物： 三、正错题，对的打“√”，错的打“×”： 1. 乙醚和乙醇属于官能团位量异构。( ) 2. Cl3CHO比(CH3)3CCHO更易发生亲核加成反应。( ) 3. 醌类化合物是酮的一种。( ) 4. 醛类化合物均能与斐林试剂生成Cu2O↓。 ( ) 5. 醇与浓H2SO4共热脱水,总是与含氢较多的相邻碳形成双键。( ) 四、完成下列转化：

  3. O 1. H2C CH2 CH3C—OC2H5 2. HC CH CH3CH2CH2CH2OH O 3. CH3CH2Cl CH3CH2C—OCH2CH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 4. CH3—CHCH2CH2Cl → CH3—C—CH2—CH3 OH 5. HC CH → CH3—C—CH2COOH O 6. CH3CHO → CH3CH2CH2CH C—CHO CH2CH3 OH CH3CH2—C—COOH 7. CH3CH2OH CH3 CH3 CH3CH2—C—CH2CH3 OH

  4. —CH2CH2CH3 8. O OH O A.CH3—C—H B. CH3CH2CHCH3 C. C6H5－C － C6H5 O D. CH3—C—OCH3 E. CH3CH2OH 五、选择正确的答案填在括号内： 1. 烯烃与溴加成属于( ),羰基与格利雅试剂加成属于( ),卤烃水解反应属于( ),芳烃硝化反应属于( )。 A. 亲电取代 B.亲电加成 C.亲核取代 D.亲核加成 2. 下列化合物能发生碘仿反应，但不发生银镜反应的是( )，既不发生碘仿反应，又不发生银镜反应的是( )，能发生斐林反应的是( )，能发生酯化反应的是( )。 3. 下列化合物中酸性最强的是( )，酸性最弱的是( )。 A. 苯酚 B. 4－甲基苯酚 C. 2，4，6 －三硝基苯酚

  5. OH A. CH3CH2CH2OH C. CH3—CH—CH3 B. H2C CH—CH2OH A. (CH3)2C CHCH3 B. CH3CH2CH CHCH3 HBr C. (CH3)3CH NaOH Cu CH2 1. △ 稀OH－ 稀OH－ ( ) △ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) H2O 浓H2SO4 H2O 325℃ NaBH4 Mg HBr ( ) ( ) 2. CH3CH2CHO ( ) ( ) 干醚 △ ①CH3CH2CHO SOCl2 ①NaCN ( ) ( ) ( ) ②H3+O ②H3+O 4. 下列化合物与HCN反应速度由大 → 小的次序是( )。 A. 甲醛 B. 乙醛 C. 苯甲醛 D. 丙酮 5. 下列醇与卢卡斯试剂反应最快的是( )。 6. 下列试剂中，( )可区别甲醛与乙醛，( )可区别苯甲醛与乙醛，( )可区别乙醇与甲醛，( )可区别乙醛与丙酮。 A. I2/NaOH B. 品红试剂/H2SO4 C. 斐林试剂 7. 下列烯烃发生臭氧化和臭氧解后，两种产物均起碘仿反应者( )。 六、完成下列反应式：

  6. 3. CH3OCH2CH2CH—OCH3 HCl ( ) + ( ) + H2O OCH3 稀OH－ —CH2CHO 4. HCHO + ( ) 5. HCN O ( ) OH－ KMnO4 ①NaBH4 6. CH3—CHCH2CH2OH ( ) ( ) H+ ②H3+O OH CH3—C—CH3 Mg SOCl2 O ( ) H3+O 7. CH3CH2CH2OH ( ) ( ) ( ) 干醚 CH3 H2SO4 8. CH3CH2—C—CH2CH2CH3 ( ) △ OH 浓OH－ ( ) + ( ) 9. (CH3)3CCHO 10. CH3—C—CH3+H2N—NH— —NO2 ( ) O NO2

  7. I2/NaOH 11. CH3—CHCH2CH3 ( ) + ( ) OH 干HCl ( ) 12. CH3CHO+HOCH2CH2OH ( ) ( ) CH3－CH－OCH3 ( ) OCH3 CH3OH 干HCl H—OH KMnO4 CH3OH,H+ 13. HC CH ( ) ( ) ( ) H+ Hg++,H+ OH－ HCN H2O K2Cr2O7 ( ) ( ) ( ) H+ H+ NaBH4 H3+O 14. —CH CH—CHO ( ) ( ) PBr3 Mg ( ) ( ) 15. CH3CH2OH 干醚 干醚 C2H5 H2O Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4 CHOMgBr ( ) CH3 H+ CH3 C2H5MgBr H2O C O ( ) ( ) C2H5 干醚

  8. 稀OH－ △ 16. 2CH3CH2CHO ( ) ( ) 10. CH3CH C －C －CH2CH3 11. CH3CH2C CHCH2OH Br O —NO2 12. H2NNH— 13. CH3 C－CH2CH2OH C C NO2 H H O 答 案 一、 2. 2，4，6 －三硝基苯酚 1. 4－羟基－ 3 －甲氧基苯甲醛 4. 3 －甲基－5 －羟基苯甲酸 3. 3 －硝基－4 －羟基苯磺酸 5. R，S －2，3，4 －三羟基丁醛 6. 反(E) －3 －苯基丙烯醛 7. 反(Z) －3 －甲基－3 －戊烯－2 －醇 8. 3－苯基烯丙醛 9. 反，顺(E，Z) －6，10 －十八碳二烯醛

  9. 二、 A 紫色者为B 品红 1. B 试剂 A 有白↓者为C C NaHSO3 余者 C 余 者为A A 紫色者为A FeCl3 2. B B 淡黄↓者为B I2/NaOH 余者 C 余 者为C C CH3CH2OH ①H2SO4 K2Cr2O7 1. H2C CH2 CH3COOH CH3CH2OH H+ H+ ②H2O CH3COOC2H5 H2O H2 稀OH－ 2. HC CH CH3CHO CH3CH CHCHO △ Hg++,H+ Ni CH3CH2CH2CH2OH 三、1.× 2.√ 3.× 4.× 5.× 四、

  10. NaCN H2O 3. CH3CH2Cl CH3CH2CN CH3CH2COOH 乙醇 H+ NaOH Cu 稀OH－ CH3CH2OH CH3CHO CH3CH CH－CHO H2O 325℃ △ O H2/Ni CH3CH2COOH CH3CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2C －OCH2(CH2)2CH3 H+ 4. KOH HBr (CH3)2CHCH2CH2Cl (CH3)2CHCH CH2 (CH3)2CHCH －CH3 乙醇 NaOH Br NaOH (CH3)2C HBr CHCH3 (CH3)2C－CH2CH2 乙醇 H2O Br (CH3)2C—CH2CH3 OH H2O K2Cr2O7 稀OH－ OH CH3CHO 5. HC CH CH3CHCH2CHO Hg++,H+ H+ O CH3CCH2COOH H2 稀OH－ Cu 6. CH3CHO CH3CH CHCHO CH3CH2CH2CH2OH △ Ni 325℃ OH H 稀OH － △ CH3(CH2)2CHO CH3CH2CH2CH—C—CHO C—CHO CH3CH2CH2CH CH2CH3 CH2CH3 CH2CH3

  11. PX3 Mg 7. CH3CH2OH CH3CH2X CH3CH2MgX 干醚 OH Cu CH3CH2MgX H3+O K2Cr2O7 CH3CHO CH3CHC2H5 325℃ 干醚 H+ OH O OH HCN H3+O CH3—C—C2H5 CH3—C—C2H5 CH3CH2—C—COOH OH－ CN CH3 CH3 O CH3 C2H5MgX H3+O CH3—C—CH2CH3 CH3CH2—C—CH2CH3 干醚 OH O O 8. CH3CH2C—Cl —CH2CH2CH3 Zn－Hg/ 浓HCl —CCH2CH3 无水AlCl3 六、 1. CH3CH2CH2Br,CH3CH2CH2OH,CH3CH2CHO, OH CH3 CH3CH2CH—CH—CHO，CH3CH2CH C—CHO CH3 五、1. B,D,C,A 2. BE,CD,A,BE, 3. C,B 4. ABCD 5. B 6. AB, AC,ABC,BC 7.A

  12. Br MgBr CH3CH2CH2OH, CH3CH 2. CH2， CH3CHCH3， CH3CHCH3， OH Cl COOH (CH3)2CH－CH－C2H5， (CH3)2CH－CHC2H5， (CH3)2CH－CH－C2H5 C6H5 4. HOCH2－CH－CHO OH 5. CN 6. CH3C—CH2COOH， CH3－CH－CH2COOH O OH CH3 7. CH3CH2CH2Cl， CH3CH2CH2MgCl， CH3(CH2)2—C—OMgCl， CH3 CH3 CH3(CH2)2—C—OH CH3 3. CH3OCH2CH2CHO + 2CH3OH

  13. CH3 8. CH3—CH C—CH2CH2CH3 10. (CH3)2C NNH— —NO2 NO2 O CH2 12. CH3—C—H O CH2 CH3—CH—OH， HOCH3/干HCl OCH3 O 13. CH3CHO, CH3COOH, CH 3C—OCH3 OH OH O CH3—C—CN， CH3－CH－COOH， CH3－C－COOH H 9. (CH3)3CCOO－+(CH3)3CCH2OH 11. CH3CH2COONa + CHI3↓

  14. 14. —CH CHCH2OH C2H5 CH－OH， 15. CH3CH2Br，CH3CH2MgBr，CH3CHO， CH3 CH3 C2H5 OMgBr C CH3CH2—C—C2H5 CH3 C2H5 OH CH3 OH CH3 16. CH3CH2－CH－CH－CHO CH3CH2CH C－CHO

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