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The Impact of Nuclear Science: Unveiling the Origins and Structure of the Atom

Explore the evolution of nuclear science and its profound impact on medicine and technology. From the groundbreaking discoveries of scientists like Becquerel and the Curies to the intricate structure of atoms and nuclei, this journey delves into the core of nuclear physics. Learn about radioactivity, nuclear reactions, and the fundamental equation E=mc2, unlocking the secrets of the universe. Discover the realm of relativistic collisions, nuclear astrophysics, and the innovative research shaping our understanding of the cosmos.

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The Impact of Nuclear Science: Unveiling the Origins and Structure of the Atom

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  1. Eric Norman Nuclear Engineering Dept. UC Berkeley and LBNL http://www.lbl.gov/abc/

  2. The Four Elements Earth Air Fire Water

  3. The Beginning of Nuclear Science Scientists in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s made discoveries which would change the course of science and medicine. Henri Becquerel Marie and Pierre Curie

  4. Atomic and Nuclear Stucture • Atom - smallest unit of a chemical element • Size on the order of 10-8 cm (1 Angstrom) • Contains Z electrons (Qe = -1e, me = 0.511 MeV/c2) • e = 1.602x10-19 Coulomb • and • Nucleus – • Size on the order of 10-13 cm (1 Fermi ) • Contains more than 99.9% of the mass of the atom • Made of Z protons and N neutrons • Proton (Qp = +1e, mp = 938.28 MeV/c2 ) • Neutron (Qn = 0, mn = 939.57 MeV/c2 ) • A = Atomic mass = Z + N • Held together by strong nuclear force ZXN where X = chemical symbol A

  5. Structure of the Nucleus

  6. Radioactivity Ernest Rutherford determined there were 3 kinds of radioactivity

  7. Nuclear Reactions

  8. A Bit of Special Relativity E = mc2  m = E/c2 Typical nuclear energies are on the order of millions of electron volts (MeV) 1 eV = 1.602x10 -19 joule Albert Einstein

  9. Relativistic Collisions (RHIC) Medium Energy (JLAB) Low Energy (small accelerators) Nuclear Astrophysics (small accelerators, FRIB)

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