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SC formulations 水悬浮剂. Suspension Concentrates 海利尔 农药 论坛 (第十届山东省农药信息交流会) 英国禾大公司 www.Croda.com. SC 水悬浮剂. 描述:固体颗粒悬浮于水中 Description: Solid particles suspended in water 常见问题 Issues 悬浮物质与水之间存在密度差 Density difference between suspended matter and water 如果原药密度大于 1 克 / 毫升将形成沉淀
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SC formulations 水悬浮剂 Suspension Concentrates 海利尔农药论坛(第十届山东省农药信息交流会) 英国禾大公司 www.Croda.com
SC 水悬浮剂 • 描述:固体颗粒悬浮于水中 Description: Solid particles suspended in water • 常见问题Issues • 悬浮物质与水之间存在密度差 Density difference between suspended matter and water • 如果原药密度大于1克/毫升将形成沉淀 Will form sediment if density is >1 • 如果原药密度大于1克/毫升将漂浮 Will float if density is <1 • 根据斯托克斯定律:较小的粒径是必须的 Stokes law: small particles are required • 怎样获得较小的粒径 How to obtain small particles? • 怎样保持粒子的悬浮稳定性 How to keep the particles suspended? • 结晶增长Crystal growth
Formulation breakdown processes制剂被破坏的过程 沉淀 Reversible可逆的 膏化 絮凝 Irreversible不可逆的 奥氏熟化 相转化 聚结
Oswald ripening奥氏熟化 • A.I. has limited water solubility • 原药在水中有一定的溶解度 • Solubility of small particle is higher than solubility of large particle • 较小粒经的溶解度大于较大粒经的溶解度 Ca.i. small 小粒径 Ca.i. large 大粒径 Ca.i. small小粒经>>Ca.i. large大粒径
How to prevent Oswald ripening怎样预防奥氏熟化的发生 • 较窄的粒径分布范围 Narrow particle size distribution • 还有其他的诀窍 There are other tricks: Very limited amount of diluted oil in aqueous phase 将一定量的油稀释到水相中
To make an SC 水悬浮剂制备 • Preparation of small particles 小粒子的制备 • Preventing flocculation • Preventing sedimentation
To make an SC 水悬浮剂制备 • Preparation of small particles小粒子的制备 • Small suspended particles are prepared by milling process 通过砂磨设备获得较小粒径 • Processing conditions are important 生产工艺条件很重要
To make an SC 水悬浮剂制备 • Preparation of small particles 小粒子的制备
Milling砂磨 Wetting -> Dispersion -> stabilization润湿 —分散 —稳定性
Issue during milling process砂磨过程中出现的问题 • During milling process fresh surface is generated >砂磨过程中新的粒子表面产生 • Fresh surface is generally of non-polar nature en will cluster together rapidly >新产生的非极性的表面通常是的自然对开很容易迅速聚集 • This could lead to increased viscosity and even mill blockage >这可能导致粘度增加甚至阻碍砂磨进程 • To overcome mill blockage a wetting agent is needed >为了克服这一问题所以润湿剂的加入是非常必要的
To make an SC 水悬浮剂制备 • Preparation of small particles • Preventing flocculation 絮凝的预防 • Preventing sedimentation
How to prevent flocculation? 怎样预防絮凝的产生 • Use of dispersants 分散剂的使用 • Dispersant should be firmly locked on substrate • Anchoring 锚固作用 • Dispersant types: 分散剂种类 • Anionic阴离子 Electrostatic stabilisation静电稳定作用 • CaDDBS / NaDDBS(十二烷基苯磺酸钙/钠) • Fosfate esters (磷酸酯类) • Non ionic非离子 Steric stabilisation 空间位阻稳定作用 • Alcohol etoxylates(乙氧基醇醚类) • Polymeric dispersants(高分子表面活性剂) • Mix of the two Electrosteric stabilisation混合静电/空间位阻 • Naphtalene condensate sulfonates (萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物) • Lignin sulfonates (木质素磺酸盐类)
G G G Gmax h h h Electrosteric静电空间 Electrostatic Stabilization静电排斥作用 Electrostatic静电学
h d Steric Stabilization空间位阻作用 • 空间位阻是由于非离子表里面活性剂和/或高分子表面活性剂提供的Steric barriers are produced by adsorption of nonionic surfactants and/or polymeric surfactant • 由于链的不利交叉排斥和熵值作用对重大交叠的影响Repulsion is due to unfavourable mixing of the chains and entropic effects on significant overlap G Monomer单体-Polymer高分子 2dp 2dMh
Functions of surfactants表面活性剂的功能 • Wet 润湿 • Disperse 分散
Functions of surfactants表面活性剂的功能 • Wet 润湿作用 • Dynamic molecules to wet surface during milling stage在砂磨期间动态分子润湿新鲜的表面 • Smaller molecules 分子量较小 • Negative regarding stability 对稳定性有负面影响 • Disperse 分散作用 • Larger molecules to stabilise suspended particles大分子对粒子提供稳定的悬浮支撑作用 • Act slow 作用进程缓慢
CONVENTIONAL DISPERSANT常规分散剂 POLYMERIC DISPERSANT高分子分散剂 Dispersed Phase分散内相 Dispersed Phase分散内相 Size does matter分子大小关系
h d Steric Stabilization空间位阻作用 • 空间位阻是由于非离子表里面活性剂和/或高分子表面活性剂提供的Steric barriers are produced by adsorption of nonionic surfactants and/or polymeric surfactant • 由于链的不利混合排斥和熵值作用对重大交叠的影响Repulsion is due to unfavourable mixing of the chains and entropic effects on significant overlap G Monomer单体-Polymer高分子 2dp 2dMh
Rheology profile wetting agent vs. polymeric dispersant润湿剂与高分子分散剂流变性特征对比 Wetting agent润湿剂 Polymeric dispersant 高分子分散剂 • No shear effect polymeric dispersant flow curve: suspension is properly stabilized高分子分散剂在剪切作用下的流变曲线无影响:悬浮液相对稳定 • Wetting agent flow curve increases hugely at low shear: insufficient stabilisation润湿剂在低剪切作用下的流变曲线明显增大:不够稳定 • If wetting agent is required, use at low possible concentration! • 如果润湿剂是必须添加的,尽可能在最低添加量下使用
To make an SC 水悬浮剂制备 • Preparation of oil droplets in water • Preventing coalescence • Preventing sedimentation 沉淀的预防
2gr2Δδ Vs=-------------------- 9η Stokes law 斯托克斯定律 Vs = velocity of settling /creaming粒子沉降速度,cm/s; η = viscosity水悬浮剂粘度,Pa.S; g = gravity重力加速度, cm/s; r = radius of sphere分散介质粒子直径,cm; Δδ = density difference sphere & continuous phase 分散粒子的密度与水的密度差
2gr2Δδ Vs=-------------------- 9η Stokes law 斯托克斯定律 固相/液相密度差=0 No sedimentation if density of suspended matter and water phase are equal 如果悬浮介质和水相之间没有密度差,沉淀问题就不可能发生
2gr2Δδ Vs=-------------------- 9η Stokes law 斯托克斯定律 粒径大小 • The smaller the particle size, the lesser sedimentation • 粒径越小沉淀越慢 • Note this a square function • 值得注意的是称将速度与粒径的平方正相关 • 10 times the particle size is 100 times faster sedimentation • 10倍的粒径大小差异将导致100倍的沉降速度差别
2gr2Δδ Vs=-------------------- 9η Stokes law 斯托克斯定律 体系粘度 • Increased viscosity will reduce sedimentation • 提高粘度有利于减少沉降 • However viscosity cannot be increased infinitely • 然而粘度不可能被无限制的增加 • Need of shear thinning rheology modifier • 需要使界面内剪切力变小的流体改性物 • Xanthan or Kelzan Gum provides this effect • 黄原胶可以提供这种作用
SC 水悬浮剂 • General formula:一般配方组成 成份 用量 • Suspended phase 分散相40% • Dispersant分散剂 4% • Wetting agent润湿剂0.5% • Glycerine防冻剂 5.2% • Anti foam 消泡剂 0.1% • Preservative防腐剂0.1% • Kelzan gum增稠剂0.1% • Water水 50% • Issue: long term stability and emulsion stability upon dilution 问题:经时稳定性和乳液的稀释稳定性
Croda SC recommendation英国禾大公司在水悬浮剂方面的核心产品 Dispersants:分散剂 Atlox 4913 羧酸盐枝接物 Atlox Metasperse 100L 羧酸盐修饰物 Atlox Metasperse 500L 羧酸盐修饰物 Co dispersant/wetting agent:助分散剂/润湿剂 Atlas G-5000 高分子嵌段共聚物 Atlas G-5002L 高分子前段共聚物 Atlox 4894 高分子前段共聚物 Traditional wetting agent: 传统润湿剂 Synperonic A7 聚氧乙烯醇醚
Further guidelines 使用说明 • Dispersant level 10% of dispersed phase 分散剂的用量通常是分散内相的10% 30 % dispersed phase 30%的分散内向 3% total surfactants 需要3%的总的分散剂 Ratio dispersant/co-dispersant: 2:1分散剂和助分散剂的比例为2:1 • 2% Atlox 4913 分散剂 • 1% Atlox 4894 助分散剂 With traditional wetting agent: 配以传统的润湿剂 • 2% Atlox 4913 分散剂 • 1% Atlas G-5002L 助分散剂 • Minimum amount Synperonic A7 最小量的润湿剂
With traditional wetting agent传统的润湿剂用量的确定 • Optimum approach:最理想的途径——三元复配组合 Dispersant 分散剂 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 Wetting agent 润湿剂 Co-dispersant 助分散剂 • Performance criteria:评估标准 • Milling efficiency 砂磨的效率 • Storage stability 储存稳定性
Crystal growth; part II结晶增长 Polymeric Dispersant高分子分散剂 Polymeric plus monomeric Dispersant 高分子/单体分散剂
Crystal growth; part II结晶增长 • Effect of surfactant micelles 表面活性剂胶体束的作用 油滴oil droplets 固体颗粒solid particles
Crystal growth; part II结晶增长 • Avoid micelle forming surfactants 避免使用产生胶体束的表面活性剂 • Monomeric surfactants form relatively easy micelles 单体表面活性剂相对容易形成胶体束 • Polymeric surfactants do not form micelles 高分子表面活性剂不会形成胶体束