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AP Psychology Review: Language, Emotion & Development

Explore language theories, cognitive biases, mental processes, motivation, personality, and intelligence for AP Psychology review. Includes key concepts like Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Piaget's Stages of Development.

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AP Psychology Review: Language, Emotion & Development

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  1. Announcements • Final returned • Answer keys posted tonight (take home assignment, practice problems) • No 10th period SGI today (BUT yes 10th period tomorrow)

  2. Do Now: • Anterograde vs retrograde amnesia • Proactive vs retroactive interference

  3. AIM: How can we review language, development, and emotion?

  4. May 6, 2010AP Psychology Review

  5. Language • Language Theories: • Chomsky: Language Acquisition Device • Whorf Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis • Language Acquisition Stages • Babbling • One word • Two Word • Overgeneralization

  6. Availability Heuristic- judging a situation based on examples of similar situations that come to mind initiallyExample: plane crashes

  7. Representative heuristic: Judging a situation based on how similar the aspects are to prototypes that person holds in his or her mind http://www.thetruckersreport.com/trucker.poems/

  8. Mental set- falling into established thought patterns • Belief bias: illogical conclusions to confirm our beliefs • Belief perseverance: tendency NOT to change our beliefs (even when presented with contradicting evidence) • Confirmation Bias: search for evidence that confirms our beliefs • Framing

  9. Divergent versus Convergent Thinking • Divergent= creative, multiple solutions • Convergent= problem solving

  10. May 7, 2010Ms. Simon AP Psychology Review

  11. AIM: How can we review Emotion, Intelligence, and Development, Personality?

  12. Theories of Motivation • Drive Reduction Theory • Homeostasis • Primary and secondary drives • Arousal Theory • Incentive Theory

  13. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

  14. HUNGER • Lateral hypothalamus= stimulates hunger • Ventromedial hypothalamus= satiety center • Set-point Theory: hypothalamus wants to maintain an optimum body weight

  15. Eating Disorders • Bulimia • Anorexia • Obesity

  16. Sexual Motivation

  17. General Adaptation Syndrome According to Selye, a stress response to any kind of stimulation is similar. The stressed individual goes through three phases. EPA/ Yuri Kochetkov/ Landov

  18. Theories of Emotion • James-Lange: Physiological response, then emotion • Cannon-Bard: Cognitive awareness and physiological change occur simultaneously thalamus autonomic nervous system  cortex Shacter Two-Factor: physiological response and cognitive label

  19. Piaget’s Stages of Development Sensorimotor: birth to two years explore world through sense object permanence Preoperational: 2-7 years Language ability Egocentric Concrete Operational (8-12 yrs) logic thought concepts of conservation Theory of Mind Formal Operational (12 to adulthood)

  20. Kohlberg’s Moral Development • Preconventional • Conventional • Postconventional

  21. Personality • Unique attitudes, behaviors, and emotions that characterize a person • Type A vs. Type B

  22. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages Id= pleasure principle Ego= reality principle Superego= Societal ideals

  23. Defense Mechanisms • Repression • Denial • Displacement • Projection • Reaction Formation • Regression • Rationalization • Sublimation

  24. Trait Theories • Eysenck: introverson-extroversion scale • Cattell- 16 PF • Big Five • Extraversion • Agreeableness • Openness • Conscientiousness • Neuroticism (versus Emotional Stability)

  25. Intelligence • Standardization • Reliability • Validity

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