The Physical World

1. The Physical World Revision Notes

2. The Physical World • This unit is all about Rivers, Coasts and Glaciers and how these physical entities change the land on which we live over thousands of years. • In particular, you will need to know in detail how various land forms are created, and the processes that help to create the landforms. • A Landform is a particular shape of the land resulting from thousands of years of change. • A process is a continuing force that can change the natural world.

3. Rivers – How they change from source to mouth • Outline all of the ways that the following change as a river travels from source to mouth. Say why they change. • Velocity • Stone shape and size • Depth • Width • Gradient

4. Rivers – How they change from source to mouth • The diagram on the right shows the major changes downstream. • Describe the main features of the diagram. • Describe the major landforms and processes found in; • The Source region • The middle valley • The lower valley Watershed Interlocking spur A diagram of the drainage basin

5. Landforms in upper River Valleys - Waterfalls • Explain how a water fall is created.

6. Landforms in upper River Valleys – V-shaped valleys • Explain how vertical erosion can result in v shaped valleys and Interlocking spurs.

7. Landforms in the middle valley – Meanders and Ox-bow lakes • Produce a flow chart on how meanders can result in Ox-bow lakes.

8. Landforms in the middle valley – Floodplains and Levees • How do floods result in floodplains and Levees? • What role does deposition play in their formation?

9. Landforms in the lower valley – Estuaries and Deltas • What are the 2 main forms of Deltas?How are they different?

10. What are Glaciers? • Why do glaciers form?

11. How do Glaciers Move?

12. Describe how plucking works. How do glaciers erode?

13. How do Glaciers erode? • Describe how abrasion works.

14. How do corries form? Which processes help in their formation? How Corries Form

15. How Corries form

16. Landforms Created by Glaciers. • How do glaciers create U shaped valleys?

17. Glacial Landforms • How are interlocking spurs found in river valleys transformed into truncated spurs found in glaciated valleys?

18. Glacial Landforms What is hanging valley? Hanging Valleys These are the valleys of tributary (smaller) glaciers that are left high above the floor of the main glacier. You often get waterfalls here.

19. The Changes Glaciers make to River Valleys Describe how glaciers transform river valleys.

20. AdditionalDiagrams

21. The coastal system • Coasts are dynamic environments that have inputs of sediment and losses of sediment. • The major processes are; • Erosion- Hydraulic action, corrosion, abrasion, attrition. • Weathering – Chemical, biological and physical. • Define all of these key terms.

22. Coastal Landforms - Erosion • How are cliffs and wave cut platforms created by sea erosion processes?

23. Coastal Landforms - Erosion • Describe how over time a cliff face can be transformed into a stack. Stacks

24. Coastal Landforms - Erosion • Produce a flow chart on Cove formation. Softer rock Harder Rock Lulworth Cove

25. Coastal landforms - Deposition • Compare destructive and constructive waves and the beaches they create.

26. Coastal Landforms -Deposition • What is longshore drift and how does it help create Spits?