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Grant Administration

Grant Administration. Grant appointed friends and acquaintances with a lack of experience Spoils system (Jackson would approve!!!) Many turned out to be dishonest Construction company kick-back (V.P.) Whiskey Ring Bribes to IRS to avoid taxes – costs gov’t billions Shady land deals.

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Grant Administration

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  1. Grant Administration • Grant appointed friends and acquaintances with a lack of experience • Spoils system (Jackson would approve!!!) • Many turned out to be dishonest • Construction company kick-back (V.P.) • Whiskey Ring • Bribes to IRS to avoid taxes – costs gov’t billions • Shady land deals

  2. Liberal Republican Party • Wanted “honesty” • Horace Greeley was candidate in 1872 • Lost to Grant • died immediately after election • What you should get out of this: • Republican Party was split in two • Weakened

  3. Review • We have discussed various reasons to support the notion that Reconstruction was a struggle. • When and why did Reconstruction itself collapse? • Think: Democrats, Republicans, Government • Rise of oppositional groups, Amnesty Act, Republican corruption and disunity

  4. Objectives • Continue to trace the demise of the Republican Party and the downfall of Reconstruction. • Determine if Reconstruction was a success or a failure.

  5. In addition… • Panic of 1873 • Railroad company is broke, 3 million jobs lost, currency dispute • Greenback dispute- weren’t backed by gold • Specie Resumption Act 1875- Gold Standard

  6. Long story short… • By 1874, Radical Republicanism is dissolving • Government is struggling, Party is split, ex-Confederates are regaining rights • Supreme Court itself is undermining Republican actions!

  7. Supreme Court Decisions • Slaughterhouse (1873) • Civil Rights were up to states, not federal gov’t (14th amendment undermined) • U.S. v. Cruikshank (1876) • Federal government could not punish people who oppressed blacks (undermined 14th amendment) • U.S. v Reese (1876) • 15th Amendment didn’t grant voting rights, just stated grounds on which they couldn’t be taken away • All were eventually overturned, but at the time did a lot of damage

  8. Equal Rights Fades AwayWhat causes the collapse? • No support of the Supreme Court to enforce laws • Republican Party losing credibility • Reconciliation becomes a priority • ***Government can’t impose moral change • All of this amounts to Civil Rights taking a back seat!!!!!!

  9. Democrats “Redeem” South • 1869 -1875, Democrats regain control of state governments • “Redemption” = Return to power • 1876- Congressional Reconstruction ENDS • Recap: • Lincoln- 1863-1865 • “Presidential Reconstruction”- 1865-1867 • “Congressional Reconstruction” – 1867-1876

  10. Election of 1876 • Corruption = Grant is out! • Republican  Rutherford B. Hayes • Democratic  Tilden • Cleaned up corrupt Tweed Ring (Boss Tweed… a story for another day)

  11. Election of 1876 • Tilden wins popular vote but not electoral majority • Votes are disputed • Republican commission decides in favor of Hayes • throws out votes from counties that kept voters from the polls • South willing to accept under one condition…

  12. Compromise of 1877 • Withdraw troops from south (Congressional Reconstruction Plan) • Give South money to build a R x R • Appoint Conservative Southerners to cabinet

  13. Bye-Bye Republicans • No longer controlled governments in any Southern states • Democrats achieved “home rule” • Undid pro-black Reconstruction • Restricted rights, wiped out social programs, dismantled public schools • RECONSTRUCTION ENDS (1877)

  14. Review- Downfall • Republicans gave blacks rights, but they were not well protected • Supreme court undermined amendments • Radicals did not provide land reforms for freed slaves • Freed slaves lacked independence • Review: Rebirth of “slavery” • Underestimated racism

  15. What do you think… • Was Reconstruction a success or failure?? • Debate Activity! • Quiz Tuesday!!! (This is your review) • Homestretch: Trace the evolution of the Civil Rights movement through the 1960s.

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