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Christina M. DiPaola

Sexual Orientation/ Heterosexism The Experience of people who are Gay. Lesbian, Transgender, Bisexual, and “Questioning”. Christina M. DiPaola. “Sexual orientation is only one aspect of a whole person, and it is a private aspect.”. -Heesoon Jun. What is Sexual identity?. Who you identify as

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Christina M. DiPaola

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  1. Sexual Orientation/ HeterosexismThe Experience of people who are Gay. Lesbian, Transgender, Bisexual, and “Questioning” Christina M. DiPaola

  2. “Sexual orientation is only one aspect of a whole person, and it is a private aspect.” -Heesoon Jun

  3. What is Sexual identity? • Who you identify as • Gay • Lesbian • Bisexual • Heterosexual • Asexual

  4. What is Sexual orientation? • Sexual attraction to a particular sex • Heterosexuality • Homosexuality • Bisexuality • Asexuality

  5. San Francisco gay rights parade (1977)

  6. historical Events • 1950’s – The “homophile movement” • 1951- The Mattachine Foundation is founded • 1957 – Harvard PhD & army veteran Franklin Kameny is fired from U.S. Map Service for being gay • 1965 – Protests began outside of the White House • 1969- Stonewall Inn Riots • Late 1960’s-Early 1970’s- Homosexuality is considered a mental illness • 1970- The Gay Students’ Union is founded • 1970- The first annual Gay Pride celebration is held • 1972- Morton Manford is physically attacked at a gay rights protest demonstration • 1973- Homosexuality is removed from DSM • 1981- AIDS epidemic

  7. Historical Events (continued) • Late 1980’s- AIDS awareness • 1987- Homosexuality is removed from the diagnostic system entirely • 1990- Treatment and prevention of AIDS • 1990’s - Increased acceptance of GLBTQ individuals • 1993 - Transgendered individual Brandon Teena is raped and later killed by “friends” • 1998 – Matthew Shepard is brutally beaten and robbed, raising awareness for hate crimes • 2000 - Millennium March for equality • 2004- Same-sex marriage is legalized in MA • 2004- There is estimated to be approximately 15 million members of the American GLBT community • 2010- 40th annual Gay Pride celebration is held

  8. Values/Norms • The GLBTQ community • GLBT rights events • Pride • Truth, honor & rights (PFLAG) • “Real family values” (PFLAG) • Love, respect, honor, caring, nurturing, and providing for children • Conflicting values • Compassion • Equality • Lack of prejudice

  9. The interview

  10. more likely to experience.. • Depression • Lower self-esteem • Anxiety/Panic • Social Isolation • Fear of being assaulted • Changes in behavior (to avoid potential prejudice) • Substance Abuse • Suicide • Rejection from family

  11. Counseling Interventions & Models • Establishing/reestablishing relationships • Family/friends (role playing) • GLBT community/social supports • Genograms • Homework • Journal writing • Exploration/Gaining empowerment • Encouraging client to attend GLBTQ events • Suggest movies & books with positive GLBT representations • Explore Identity • Examine direct/indirectly learned messages/ideas • Reeducate

  12. The Four forces • Psychodynamic: Focus on the parent-child relationship & early childhood experiences. The personality is developed through the relationship with the parent. Many GLBTQ individuals have negative experiences with families. Taking a look at the family relationship is imperative. Establishing/reestablishing relationships. Self-disclosure may be a challenge. • Cognitive Behavioral: Focus on homework, is structured and brief. Homework is crucial in the process. Helps individual see positive views of their culture/lifestyle. Requires trust, which may be a challenge. • Existential Humanistic: Listening & paraphrasing, empowerment. Important for the GLBT community. Individuals can gain a better understanding of themselves and increase their sense of importance. Counseling relationship is essential. May be a challenge if client feels threatened/”different” than counselor. • Multicultural: Culture, history & social aspect. Very important to the GLBTQ community. Recommended.

  13. Do’s & Don'ts • Do • Be open & non-judgemental • Understand that sexual orientation can only be understood in relation to one’s other identities • Be a good listener • Become educated on oppression regarding heterosexism, homophobia, and sexual-orientation • Be mindful of client’s non-verbal or covert cues • Allow the client to address their identity at their own pace • Encourage clients to follow their own unique path • Have patience • Don’t • Judge • Make assumptions • View/label a GLBTQ individual as only that • Don’t be pushy • Think that GLBTQ individuals chose to be part of this community

  14. References Blashill, A., & Powlishta, K. (2009). Gay Stereotypes: The Use of Sexual Orientation as a Cue for Gender-Related Attributes. Sex Roles, 61(11/12), 783-793. doi:10.1007/s11199-009-9684-7 Boysen, G. A., Vogel, D. L., Madon, S., & Wester, S. R. (2006). Mental Health Stereotypes About Gay Men. Sex Roles, 54(1/2), 69-82. doi:10.1007/s11199-006-8870-0 Broad, K. L., Crawley, S. L., & Foley, L. (2004). DOING "REAL FAMILY VALUES": The Interpretive Practice of Families in the GLBT Movement. Sociological Quarterly, 45(3), 509-527. Bryan-Wilson, J. (2009). We Have a Future: An Interview with Sharon Hayes. Grey Room, (37), 78-93. Gorton, D. (2010). On the Origins of 'Gay Pride.'. Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide, 17(4), 5. Hall, S. (2010). The American Gay Rights Movement and Patriotic Protest. Journal Of The History Of Sexuality, 19(3), 536-562. Hurst, J. C. (1999). The Matthew Shepard Tragedy. About Campus, 4(3), 5. Jun, H. (2010). Social Justice, Multicultural Counseling, and Practice: Beyond a Conventional Approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Millennium March for Equality. (2000). Progressive, 64(6), 20. Palma, T. V., & Stanley, J. L. (2002). Effective Counseling With Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients. Journal Of College Counseling, 5(1), 74. Segal, C. A., & Novack, S. L. (2008). Members of the Wedding: The Psychological Impact of the Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage in Massachusetts. Studies In Gender & Sexuality, 9(2), 208-213. doi:10.1080/15240650801937020

  15. References Swim, J. K., Johnston, K., & Pearson, N. B. (2009). Daily Experiences With Heterosexism: Relations Between Heterosexist Hassles and Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 28(5), 597-629. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Weststrate, N. M., & McLean, K. C. (2010). The rise and fall of gay: A cultural-historical approach to gay identity development. Memory, 18(2), 225-240. doi:10.1080/09658210903153923

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