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This text explores crucial aspects of human evolution, highlighting the significance of Australopithecus, a bipedal ancestor that thrived in Africa and Asia and bore more similarity to gibbons than to modern chimps. Additionally, it discusses genetic variation among modern humans, indicating recent African ancestry and some interbreeding with Neanderthals. Finally, it examines Mitochondrial Eve, the direct female ancestor of all current humans, who lived within a diverse interbreeding population, emphasizing the complexities of our lineage.
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1) Australopithecus • A) lived throughout Africa and Asia • B) were smaller than later Paranthropus • C) were more closely related to gibbons than to chimps • D) were bipedal • E) all of the above
2) genetic variation within modern extant humans indicates • A) that all modern humans have (relatively) recent African ancestry • B) that human groups on different continents evolved from H. erectus like ancestors on each of the peopled continents • C) that there was some small level of interbreeding between non-African modern humans and Neanderthals • D) both A and C
3) Mitochondrial eve • A) was an individual female who is a direct ancestor of all modern humans • B) lived by herself with Y-chromosome Adam • C) presumably lived in a large interbreeding population • D) was only one of many direct ancestors of modern humans in her generation • E) all of the above except B
