Notes on AKS 43

1. Notes on AKS 43

2. 43A: Evaluate the consequences of the end of the county unit system and reapportionment. • Reapportionment: to redraw voting districts to ensure districts of equal population sizes.

3. One Person, One Vote A 1964 federal court ruled that: • the county unit system violated the 14th amendment to the U.S. Constitution. • Georgia’s constitution violated the one person, one vote concept by guaranteeing each county in the state at least one seat in the legislature. • legislative districts should depend solely on population, not county lines.

4. Reapportionment • The state’s general assembly had to redraw the voting districts to create areas with equal proportions. • This caused voting lines to cross county lines. • Reapportionment shifted the political power in Georgia from the rural areas to urban areas. • This meant candidates for state office had to appeal more to people in cities than in the country.

5. Consequences of the end of the County Unit System and Reapportionment • Before, many African Americans were not able to vote. • After it ended, people that lived in cities had more influence on the votes because each vote was counted and each vote was equal. • The Georgian economy also continued to shift more towards industry rather than agriculture with the greater influence by urban population (Minimum wage, labor protections, and working conditions)

6. Link to Maps • http://www.legis.ga.gov/Joint/reapportionment/en-US/default.aspx

7. 43b: Describe the role of Jimmy Carter in Georgia as state senator, governor, president, and past president.

8. Carter’s state political career: • Elected to the Georgia state senate in 1962 and again in 1964. He worked hard to improve education during this time. • Elected governor of Georgia in 1970. • In his address, he stated that “the time for racial discrimination is over” • Reorganized the state’s executive branch reducing the number of state agencies.

9. Carter’s state political career: • Changed the state court system structure. • Appointed the state’s first female judge. • Created the Georgia heritage Trust, which protected the state’s natural and cultural resources. • Equalized funding for state schools. • Lester Maddox was his Lieutenant Governor and they fought a lot about legislative issues

10. President • Jimmy Carter is the only Georgian to ever be elected President of the United States. • Defeated Gerald Ford in 1976. • He was known as a casual president who worked hard and made a great political impact on the US and the world • Best remembered for his efforts to negotiate peace between Israel and Egypt.

11. President • He developed and signed Panama Canal treaties, the treaty of peace between Egypt and Israel, the SALT II treaty to reduce nuclear arms with the Soviet Union, and he established U.S. diplomatic relations with China. • He also took steps against countries that violated human rights by decreasing or ending U.S. aid to those governments. • Economic problems (very high oil prices) and the Iranian Hostage Crisis helped defeat Carter’s chance for re-election in 1980. • He lost the presidential election of 1980 to Ronald Reagan.

12. After he was president… • Jimmy Carter has become a world spokesman in the fight to end disease, poverty, and injustice in the world. • He has been a supporter of Habitat for Humanity and for the eradication of certain diseases in Africa and other parts of the world. • In 1999, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Clinton. • He also was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002 for his efforts to find peaceful solutions to problems around the world.

13. Jimmy Carter

14. 43C: Analyze the impact of the rise of the two-party system in Georgia. The elimination of only one party (the democratic party) having popularity and power in Georgia means that there is a chance that all citizens, rural and urban, all races, and all socio-economic status have a chance to be represented in the state’s government.

15. Rise of the Two-Party system • There was a political shift in GA during the 1980s and 90s. People continued to elect Democrats to statewide offices, but voted for Republicans in national elections. • This led to the establishment of a real two-party system in the state for the first time since the Bourbon Triumvirate • In 2002, Sonny Purdue was the first Republican elected in over 100 years • Democrats still controlled the General Assembly, but voters chose Republicans for the U.S. Senate and House.

16. 43 D: Evaluate the effect of the 1996 Olympic Games on Georgia

17. 1996 Olympic Games • The Olympic Games brought 4 long term benefits to the state. • 1. Millions of dollars were spent to create world-class competition facilities • 2. Brought international recognition to Atlanta • 3. Brought volunteer programs, educational and training programs, and employment opportunities to thousands of Georgia’s citizens • 4. Brought billions of dollars to Georgia’s economy • How did the Olympics cast a dark light on the state of Georgia?

18. 1996 Olympic Games • Criticisms of Atlanta… • July 29,1996- Bomb went off at the Centennial Olympic Park, killing one and wounding 117 others. • Severe traffic congestion in the downtown area made travel difficult to get from one place to the next • Olympic planners were criticized for their lack of infrastructure (roads, bridges, and ports) • Aggressive street vendors and salespeople seemed to be on every corner • People even said there was overly commercial advertising, particularly Coca Cola

20. 43E: Evaluate the importance of new immigrant communities to the growth and economy of Georgia

21. Immigrant Communities • Immigrants are people that move to Georgia from different countries all around the world. • Most of the immigrants come to the US for better jobs and a change to better their lives • Immigrants solve the problem of not enough workers. They fill jobs in farming, manufacturing, and many other professional positions. • The influence of immigrants can be seen in the surrounding areas of where they work • The added workers mean more money in surrounding communities and in housing • Because GA is a business center for many countries, we are the home to many different immigrant populations.