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Understanding Security and Encryption Concepts

Learn about confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and nonrepudiation in security. Understand encryption methods like secret key and public key, as well as the pros and cons of each. Discover how to combine both methods for enhanced security.

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Understanding Security and Encryption Concepts

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  1. Security Meredith Friedman CS 111.01

  2. Aspects of Security

  3. Privacy • The concept of confidentiality; Only sender and receiver should have access to contents of a transmission.

  4. Authentication • Assures the recipient knows who the sender is, and where the information is coming from.

  5. Integrity • The idea that a transmission is received in exactly the same way it was sent.

  6. Nonrepudiation • A guarantee that the sender is aware of what they are doing, and takes full responsibility. A secure server is able to prove who sent a message.

  7. Encryption • Privacy requires that a message be encrypted at the sender site and decrypted at the receiver site so that a potential intruder cannot understand its contents.

  8. Types of Encryption • Secret Key Encryption • Public Key Encryption • Combination (Secret and Public Key)

  9. Secret Key Encryption • When the sender uses a secret key, an encryption algorithm encrypts the data. • The receiver uses the same key with a decryption algorithm to decrypt the data. • Data, when not encrypted, are called plaintext, encrypted data are called ciphertext • Secret Key Encryption algorithms are also called Symmetric Encryption Algorithms because the same secret key is used in both directions of communication.

  10. Pros and Cons • More efficient than Public Key Encryption • Each pair of users must have a secret key – so if 1 million people want to communicate, they need to have a half-trillion secret keys. • Distribution of keys between parties can be difficult

  11. Public Key Encryption • This method uses 2 keys: a private key kept by the receiver, and a public key that is announced to the public (i.e. via the internet). • The most common public-key algorithm is named after its inventors: Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) Ecryption.

  12. Pros and Cons • Less keys needed- using Public Key Encryption, it would only take 2 million keys for 1 million people to communicate. • The algorithm for a public key usually has very large numbers, so converting plain text from cipher text can take a long time. • For this reason Public Key Encryption is not usually used for large amounts of text.

  13. Combining the Two • You can combine the advantages of Secret Key (effciency) and Public Key (easy distribution of keys) algorithms. • The public key is used to encrypt the secret key, while the secret key is used to encrypt the message.

  14. Any Questions?

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