1 / 12

Solutions

Solutions. Chapter 2. What Is a Solution?. Solution is a mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance i.e. plasma—liquid part of blood Parts of a solution Solute is substance dissolved in solution Solvent substance in which solute is dissolved

lihua
Download Presentation

Solutions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Solutions Chapter 2

  2. What Is a Solution? • Solution is a mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance • i.e. plasma—liquid part of blood • Parts of a solution • Solute is substance dissolved in solution • Solvent substance in which solute is dissolved • Water is universal solvent

  3. Concentration • Solutions may be made of various proportions of given solvent or solute • Concentration is measurement of amount of solute dissolved in fixed amount of solution • More solute dissolved greater concentration • Saturated solution refers to one in which no more solute can be dissolved

  4. Aqueous Solution • Aqueous refers to solution in which water is solvent • Very important to living organisms • Marine microorganisms • Plants & acquisition of nutrients from soil • Body cells

  5. Dissociation of Water • Force attraction between water molecules is so strong that oxygen atom of one water molecule can remove hydrogen atom from another water molecule • This breaks water molecule into 2 ions of opposite charge

  6. Dissociation of Water • H2O  H+ + OH- • OH- is known as hydroxide ion • Free H+ ion can react with another water molecule • H+ + H2O  H3O+ • H3O+ is known as hydronium ion

  7. Alkalinity & Acidity • Both alkalinity & acidity are a measure of the relative amounts of hydronium ions & hydroxide ions dissolved in a solution

  8. Neutral Solution • Occurs if # of hydronium ions is equal to # of hydroxide ions • i.e. pure water

  9. Acids • Solution is considered acidic if # of hydronium ions in solution is greater than # of hydroxide ions • Tend to have a sour taste • May be corrosive to some materials

  10. Bases • Solution is considered basic if # of hydroxide ions in solution is greater than # of hydronium ions • Alkaline is synonymous to basic • Tend to have a bitter taste • Feel slippery

  11. pH • pH scale • Scale compares relative concentrations of hydronium & hydroxide ions in a solution • Ranges from 0 to 14 • Scale is measured on logarithmic scale • Change of one pH unit reflects tenfold change in acidity or alkalinity • 0 to 6.99 acidic • 7 neutral • 7.01 to 14 basic

  12. Buffers • Control of pH is important for living systems • Enzymes can function only within very narrow pH range • Buffers are chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or base added to a solution

More Related