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Multicast routing issues in ad hoc networks

Multicast routing issues in ad hoc networks. Katia Obraczka Gene Tsudik. Introduction.

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Multicast routing issues in ad hoc networks

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  1. Multicast routing issues in ad hoc networks Katia Obraczka Gene Tsudik

  2. Introduction • A typical inter-network of the future will consist of a wired backbone and a collection of fixed infrastructure mobile and ad hoc networks. Multicast routing and packet forwarding protocols in ad hoc networks (AHN) must emphasize: • Robustness versus efficiency. • Active adaptability. • Unlimited mobility. • Integrated multicast.

  3. Fixed Network Inter-network of the future Mobile Networks Ad Hoc Network Ad Hoc Network Ad Hoc Network Ad Hoc Network switch Wired link Wireless link Mobile host Base station Members of multicast group

  4. Mobile networks and mobility patterns • Mobile networks with fixed infrastructure. • Ad hoc networks. • Inter-networking comprising wired fixed infrastructure and ad hoc networks.

  5. Issues in multicast routing in AHNs • Fixed network multicast routing is based on state in routers; it is unsuitable for an AHN environment. • Host behavior completely independent of other hosts. • No limit on host speed. • No constraints on direction of movement. • High probability of frequent, temporary network partitions. • Storage capacity and power are severely limited. • Robustness and high quantity of service.

  6. Hyper flooding: a potential approach • Maximum network diameter is assumed to be known. • Maximum TTL (time-to-time) for a packet is known. • Multicast packets carry hop counts as well as origination time stamps. • Each host only keeps its own multicast group membership information.

  7. Hyper flooding: a potential approach (continued) • Every multicast packet is assigned a unique ID. • Each host maintains a cache of IDs. • A packet is re-forwarded by the host only on new neighbors. • A packet is not forwarded if there are no new neighbors.

  8. Pruning unnecessary broadcasts Time T1 Time T2 3 3 2 2 1 1 ID=x ID=x 4 4 6 5 5

  9. 7 Incomplete coverage Time T1 Time T2 3 3 2 2 6 1 1 ID=x ID=x 4 4 5 5

  10. Accommodating different AHNs • Large, widely distributed AHN • The AHN is partitioned in to clusters. • Each cluster is assigned a cluster head. • Intra-cluster multicast is performed with hyper flooding. • Inter-cluster multicast is by traditional multicasting.

  11. Integration • Design of mobile wired multicast gateway. • Design of Ad-hoc wired multicast gateway. • Mechanisms for active switching among different multicast routing mechanism.

  12. Summary • Exploration of the design space of multicast routing algorithms suitable for AHNs. • Development of multicast gateway. • Prototyping and trial deployment.

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