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Geothermal Retrofit of HVAC Systems. Andrew Chiasson Geo-Heat Center Oregon Institute of Technology. Absorption Chiller (Yazaki Energy Systems). Water-water plate heat exchanger. Water-air heat exchanger. Retrofit Possibilities. Space heating Domestic hot water
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Geothermal Retrofit of HVAC Systems Andrew Chiasson Geo-Heat Center Oregon Institute of Technology Absorption Chiller (Yazaki Energy Systems) Water-water plate heat exchanger Water-air heat exchanger
Retrofit Possibilities • Space heating • Domestic hot water • Suitability depends mainly on flow requirements and need for storage • Space cooling • Newer absorption chillers rated at 192oF
HVAC SystemsTypes • Several types of configurations for space heating • HVAC systems are categorized by the method used to convey energy • All-air systems • Air-and-water systems • All-water systems
HVAC SystemsAll-Air Systems • All heating, cooling, and humidification is supplied to a space by the air • Single-duct systems • Constant volume • Multi-zone, variable-air volume (VAV) • Multi-zone with re-heat • Dual-duct systems
HVAC SystemsAll-Air Systems • Single duct systems Fossil-fuel furnace with direct-expansion (DX) cooling
HVAC SystemsAll-Air Systems • Single duct systems Commercial system with central heating and cooling coils
HVAC SystemsAll-Air Systems • Single duct systems Commercial roof-top units
HVAC SystemsAll-Air Systems • Single duct systems Commercial system with central heating and cooling coils
HVAC SystemsAll-Air Systems • Single duct systems Multi-zone commercial system with variable-air volume (VAV) fan
HVAC SystemsAll-Air Systems • Geothermal Retrofit Suitability (Rafferty, 1998) • Low Temperature water (<150oF) • Single-zone, multi-zone, dual duct 8-10 • Terminal reheat, VAV 6-8 • Standard Temperature water (180-200oF) • Single-zone, multi-zone, dual duct 7-8 • Terminal reheat, VAV 6-7 • Steam • Single-zone, multi-zone, dual duct 6 • Terminal reheat, VAV 4-5 • Electric resistance furnace 5-6 • Air-air split heat pump 3-4 • Fossil-fuel furnace 4-5 • Packaged roof-top unit 3-4 • Fossil-fuel fired unit heaters 3-4
HVAC SystemsAll-Water Systems • Hot and chilled water are distributed to terminal units and equipment • Free-standing radiators • Baseboard radiators • Wall, floor, ceiling panels • Fan coil units
HVAC SystemsAll-Water Systems Unit ventilator (4-pipe) Fan coil unit
HVAC SystemsAll-Water Systems Cast iron radiator Fin tube radiator
HVAC SystemsAll-Water Systems Water loop heat pump (California loop)
HVAC SystemsAll-Water Systems • Geothermal Retrofit Suitability (Rafferty, 1998) • Loop heat pump 10 • Radiant panel 10 • Fan coil/unit ventilator 7-9 • Unit heaters 7 • Finned tube convector 6 • Steam systems 1-3
HVAC SystemsPerimeter Electric Systems • Geothermal Retrofit Suitability (Rafferty, 1998) • Electric baseboard 2 • Through-the-wall units 1