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2. ?????????????????????????. Genetic material : - DNA RNA . Nucleic acid. (Deoxyribonucleic acid). (Ribonucleic acid). . . . . . 3. ??????????????? (phosphate group). . Nuclein???????. Meischer. ?????????????????????????????????????????????????. Nucleic acid. ?? Phosphorus ??????????????. . .

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    1. 1 ?????.?????? ??????

    2. 2

    3. 3 ??????????????? (phosphate group)

    4. 4

    5. 5 ?????? (purine) ??????? (Adenine) ?????? (Guanine)

    6. 6

    7. 7

    8. 8

    9. 9 ????????????????? (Nitrogenous bases) ????????????? 5 ????? (pentose sugar) ??????????????? (phosphate group)

    10. 10

    11. 11

    12. 12

    13. 13

    14. 14

    15. 15

    16. 16

    17. 17

    18. 18

    19. 19

    20. 20

    21. 21

    22. 22 DOUBLE HELIX ?????????? ???????????????? 2 ???????????????? ??????????????? (anti-parallel) ?????????????????????????? (H-bond) ????????????????????? ????????????????? ??? A - T, G - C

    23. 23 ???????????????? ?????????????????? 20Ao ?? 1 ??? (360 ????) ?????????????????? 10 ??? ??? 34 Ao ????????????????????????? 36 ???? ?????????? 3.4Ao DOUBLE HELIX

    24. 24

    25. 25

    26. 26

    27. 27

    28. 28 DNA ???????????????????????? 2 nm. ?????? octamer histone core ?????? 2 ??? ???????? nucleosome ???????????????????????????? 11 nm. ???? histone H1 ??????? DNA linker ????????????????? 1 ????? 6 nucleosomes ????????????????????????? 30 nm. ???????????????????

    29. 29

    30. 30

    31. 31

    32. 32

    33. 33

    34. 34 ?????????????? AUTOSOME SEX CHROMOSOME

    35. 35 ??????????????????????? (centromere) telocentric submetacentric acrocentric metacentric

    36. 36

    37. 37

    38. 38 ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? 2 ??? ???????? diploid (2n) ???????????????????(sperm) ????????????????????(ovum) ????????????????????????????? (gamete)????????????????? haploid (n)

    39. 39 Human (Homo sapiens) 46 Garden pea ( Pisum sativum) 14 Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) 8 House mouse ( Mus musculus) 40 Round worm (Ascaris sp.) 2

    40. 40 Pigeon (Columba livia) 80 Boa constrictor(Constrictor constrictor) 14 Cricket (Gryllus domesticus) 22 Lily ( Lilium longiflorum) 24 Indian fern(Opbioglossum reticulatum) 1,260

    41. 41

    42. 42

    43. 43

    44. 44

    45. 45

    46. 46

    47. 47

    48. 48 ??? DNA ???????????????????????? ??????????? mRNA ??????????? DNA ??????????????????????????????

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