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計算機概論

計算機概論. Course Number: 90210720 Credits: 3 Time: Monday 2, 3, 4 (9:10AM-12:10PM) Classroom: New CSIE Classroom 102 Classification: Required for CSIE freshmen Prerequisite: None Instructor: Chiou-Shann Fuh ( 傅楸善 ) Office: New Computer Science and Information Engineering 327

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計算機概論

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  1. 計算機概論 • Course Number: 90210720 • Credits: 3 • Time: Monday 2, 3, 4 (9:10AM-12:10PM) • Classroom: New CSIE Classroom 102 • Classification: Required for CSIE freshmen • Prerequisite: None • Instructor: Chiou-Shann Fuh (傅楸善) • Office: New Computer Science and Information Engineering 327 • Phone: 23625336 ext. 327, 23630231 ext. 3232 ext. 327 • Office Hours: Tuesday 9AM-11AM • Objective: To introduction to computer science through extensive course projects.

  2. Textbook: P. Norton, Peter Norton's Computing Fundamentals, 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2003. • Reference: P. Norton, Peter Norton's Introduction to Computers, 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2003. (only two more units at the end) • Reference: G. B. Shelly, T. J. Cashman, and M. E. Vermaat, Discovering Computers 2003, Thomson Course Technology, Boston, MA 2002. • Reference: M. M. Mano, Computer Engineering: Hardware Design, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1988. • Reference: J. G. Brookshear, Computer Science: An Overview, 7th Ed., Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, 2003. • excellent World Wide Web address: to look up computer terminology online http://www.pcwebopedia.com • excellent World Wide Web address: to search companies, products, and events http://www.google.com • Projects: will be assigned every week or every other week (30%) • Examinations: one midterm (30%) and one final (40%)

  3. Unit 1: The Amazing Computer • Section 1A: Introduction to Computer Systems • Section 1B: Introduction to the Internet • Unit 2: Interacting with Your Computer • Section 2A: Standard Input Devices • Section 2B: Alternative Input Devices • Unit 3: Output Devices • Section 3A: Monitors and Sound Systems • Section 3B: Devices That Output Hard Copy • Unit 4: Processing Data • Section 4A: Transforming Data into Information • Section 4B: CPUs Used in Personal Computers

  4. Unit 5: Storing Information in a Computer • Section 5A: Types of Storage Devices • Section 5B: Measuring and Improving Drive Performance • Unit 6: The Operating System and User Interface • Section 6A: Operating System Basics • Section 6B: PC Operating Systems • Unit 7: Networks and Data Communications • Section 7A: Networking Basics • Section 7B: Networking the Home, the Office, and the Globe • Unit 8: The Internet and Online Resources • Section 8A: Internet Basics • Section 8B: Getting Online, Working Online

  5. Unit 9: Application Software: Word Processors and Spreadsheets • Section 9A: Word Processing and Desktop Publishing Software • Section 9B: Spreadsheet Software • Unit 10: Application Software: Presentation Programs and Databases • Section 10A: Presentation Programs • Section 10B: Database Management Systems • Unit 11: Graphics and Multimedia • Section 11A: Graphics and Graphics Software • Section 11B: Understanding Multimedia • Unit 12: Development of Information Systems • Section 12A: The Basics of Information Systems • Section 12B: Building Information Systems

  6. I have a dream. Martin Luther King Jr. • ACM: Association for Computing Machinery • ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest • http://acm.uva.es/problemset/ • solving 20 problems = 5 points, 50 problems = 10 points • 100 problems = 20 points, 200 problems = 30 points • all problems with on-line judge = 40 points • tell me the number of problems solved immediately after final examination

  7. lesson 1 • An Overview of the Computer System

  8. This lesson includes the following sections: • The Parts of a Computer System • Looking Inside the Machine • Software: Bringing the Machine to Life

  9. The Parts of a Computer System • What is a Computer? • Hardware • Software • Data • Users

  10. The Parts of a Computer System - What is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device used to process data. • A computer can convert data into information that is useful to people. • A complete computer system includes four distinct parts: • Hardware • Software • Data • User

  11. The Parts of a Computer System - Hardware • A computer's hardware consists of electronic devices; the parts you can see and touch. • The term "device" refers to any piece of hardware used by the computer, such as a keyboard, monitor, modem, mouse, etc.

  12. The Parts of a Computer System - Software • Software – also called programs – consists of organized sets of instructions for controlling the computer. • Some programs exist for the computer's use, to help it manage its own tasks and devices. • Other programs exist for the user, and enable the computer to perform tasks for you, such as creating documents.

  13. The Parts of a Computer System - Data • Data consists of raw facts, which the computer can manipulate and process into information that is useful to people. • Computerized data is digital, meaning that it has been reduced to digits, or numbers. The computer stores and reads all data as numbers. • Although computers use data in digital form, they convert data into forms that people can understand, such as text, numerals, sounds, and images.

  14. Ten different symbols in the decimal system Numbers above 9 use more than 1 digit

  15. The Parts of a Computer System – Users • People are the computer's operators, or users. • Some types of computers can operate without much intervention from people, but personal computers are designed specifically for use by people.

  16. Looking Inside the Machine • Types of Hardware • The CPU • Memory • How Memory is Measured • Input and Output Devices • Storage Devices

  17. Looking Inside the Machine – Types of Hardware A computer's hardware devices are categorized as follows: • Processor • Memory • Input and output (I/O) devices • Storage devices

  18. 01101111 10001111 01101010 10000000 01001010

  19. Looking Inside the Machine - The CPU • The procedure that transforms raw data into useful information is called processing. This function is divided between the computer's processor and memory. • The processor is also called the central processing unit (CPU). It manages all devices and performs the actual processing of data. • The CPU consists of one or more chips attached to the computer's main circuit board (the motherboard).

  20. Looking Inside the Machine - Memory • Memory also consists of chips attached to the motherboard. • Memory holds data and program instructions as the CPU works with them. This memory is called Random Access Memory (RAM). • The CPU can find any piece of data • in RAM, when it needs it for processing. • RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data • only when the power is on. When the power • is off, RAM's contents are lost.

  21. Looking Inside the Machine – How Memory is Measured • The smallest usable unit of measure for memory is the byte – the amount of memory required to hold one character, like the letter A or the numeral 2. • Computers work with larger chunks of data, measured in multiple bytes, as shown below: Unit Approx. Value Actual Value (bytes) (bytes) Kilobyte (KB) 1,000 1,024 Megabyte (MB) 1,000,000 1,048,576 Gigabyte (GB) 1,000,000,000 1,073,741,824 Terabyte (TB) 1,000,000,000,000 1,099,511,627,776

  22. Looking Inside the Machine – Input and Output Devices • Input devices accept data and instructions from the user or from another computer system. The keyboard and mouse are examples of input devices. • Output devices return processed data back to the user or to another computer system. The printer and monitor are examples. • Communications devices (such as modems and network interface cards) perform both input and output, allowing computers to share information.

  23. Looking Inside the Machine - Storage Devices • Storage devices hold data not currently being used by the CPU. Data is commonly stored on a magnetic or optical disk. Each type uses a special medium for storing data on its surface. • A disk drive is a device that reads data from and writes data to a disk. Most new computers feature a floppy disk drive, a hard disk drive, and an optical disk drive. • The most common optical storage devices are CD-ROM and DVD-ROM drives.

  24. Software: Bringing the Machine to Life • What is Software? • System Software • Application Software

  25. Bringing the Machine to Life – What is Software? • Software is a set of electronic instructions that tells the computer how to do certain tasks. A set of instructions is often called a program. • When a computer is using a particular program, it is said to be running or executing the program. • The two most common types of programs are system software and application software.

  26. Bringing the Machine to Life – System Software • System software exists primarily for the computer itself, to helpthe computer perform specific functions. • One major type of system software is the operating system (OS). All computers require an operating system. • The OS tells the computer how to interact with the user and its own devices. • Common operating systems include Windows, the Macintosh OS, OS/2, and UNIX .

  27. Difference between Operating Systems • Never turn off Solaris, FreeBSD, Linux, Windows NT, or Windows 2000 workstations because of rlogin and background jobs

  28. Bringing the Machine to Life - Applications • Application software tells the computer how to accomplish tasks the user requires, such as creating a document or editing a graphic image. • Some important kinds of application software are: Word processing programs Spreadsheet software Database management Presentation programs Graphics programs Networking software Web design tools and browsers Internet applications Communications programs Utilities Entertainment and education Multimedia authoring

  29. lesson 1 review • Listthe four parts of a computer system. • Identify four types of computer hardware. • List five units of measure for computer memory and storage. • Provide two examples of input and output devices. • Name and describe three types of storage devices. • Differentiate the two main categories of computer software. • List four specific types of application software.

  30. Project due Sep. 30 • Open your personal computer at home and list the hardware specification as detailed as possible, including the manufacturer, product type, and serial number. List every software installed on your personal computer. For example: • PC: 友鄰 • CPU: Intel Pentium 4 1.8G Hz • Motherboard: S45GMAX • SDRAM: 256MB DDR • AGP 3D/64MB SGRAM • hard disk: 60GB • floppy disk drive: 1.44MB • monitor: Lemel 17 inch TFT-LCD, Model: LC-AE • power supply: 250W, ATX compatible • keyboard: 104 keys Chinese-English • CD-ROM drive: 52 times speed • sound blaster card: • speakers: Trois DS 621G • mouse: Logitech Wheel Mouse, M/N: M-BJ58, P/N: 830513-1000 • anti-virus software: Norton AntiVirus • anti-virus software: Trend Micro/Internet Phone • OS: Microsoft Windows XP • productivity software: Microsoft Office XP • X-Stop: pornography prevention software • …

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