Concepts in Water Resources Management

1. Concepts in Water Resources Management Part (2)

2. IWRM • IWRM, Global Water Partnership 2000 • A process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land, and related resources in order to maximize the economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability • Four Dimensions: • Resources • Quantity • Quality • Water users • Spatial Scale • Jurisdiction level • System boundaries • Temporal Scales and patterns

3. The successes of IWRM is condition for • Sustainable development • The maintenance of environmental quality (including water quality) • Financial sustainability (cost recovery) • The existence of democratic control mechanisms • Institutional capacity ( capacity building, human resources, management instruments, appropriate policy and legal frameworks)

4. The successes of IWRM is condition for • Desirable Scocio-economical development (the public interest) • Equity (the basic access of people to water resources) • Poverty alleviations • Security ( protection against floods, droughts and hazards) • Health, • Employment • Merit value (beauty, culture)

5. Sustainability • Technical sustainability • Balanced demand and supply, no mining • Financial sustainability • Cost recovery • Social sustainability • Stability of population, willingness to pay • Institutional sustainability • Capacity to plan, manage, and operate • Environmental sustainability • No irreversible impacts

6. trigger SED Supply supply demand WRS WU oriented Demand oriented E trigger WRM Sustainable Water Resources Management Impact Capacity or support WR mangers should take actions from Triggers from Society and Environment (E)

7. WRS: Water Resource System (water infrastructure both natural and manmade, the administration infrastructure, institutional framework) WU: Water users (all activities in society that use water) E: Environmental Resources Base (water resources, land resources, ecosystem) S: Development of society (financial resources, human resources, and knowledge base) Supply Oriented measures such as building infrastructures, driling wells, building dams…..etc Demand Oriented measures influences demand.

8. Analytical Framework for Water Resources Management

10. Analytical Framework for Water Resources Management US Version

12. Analytical Framework • Rounds of Analysis • Preparatory round (s) • Analysis of problem • Specification of objectives and criteria • Delineation of analysis conditions • Possible measures and promising strategies • Initial screening • Concluding round (s) • Detailed data collection and analysis • Analysis of alternative strategies • Development of computational procedures • Evaluation of alternatives • Presentation of results

13. Analytical Framework • Analysis of problem • In terms of interaction between human activities, natural system, and management options • If the problem have adverse social and economic consequences • Feasibility of possible measures • Present and future • All possible problems • Quantification and ranking of problems

14. Analytical Framework • Specifications of objectives and criteria • General Objective: • To optimize the benefits of water resources utilization for the whole system • Specific objectives: • Related to special users or interest groups • Protect ecosystem • Improve socioeconomic conditions • Reduce certain emissions • Improve water quality for swimming • Criteria • First round – screening criteria • Final rounds – evaluation criteria

15. Specific Objectives and Criteria

16. Analytical Framework • Delineation of analysis conditions • Time horizon • Type and scale of the project • Type of plan • Base year • latest year for which data is available • Boundaries • Natural system boundaries • Activity boundaries • Juridical boundaries • Interest/discount rate • Hydrologic and meteorological conditions • Scenarios • demographic / economical / political / technological

17. Analytical Framework • Projections • Demand • Population • Economic development • Per capita demand • Agricultural development • Efficiencies • Resources • Sustainable yield • Non conventional resources • New sources

18. Analytical Framework • Analysis of promising strategies • Activity analysis • Possible measures to satisfy the demand • Assessment of cost and damages • Natural system analysis • Analytical techniques • Simulation Models • Prediction models • Formulation and analysis of strategies • Physical measures • Implementation incentives • Institutional arrangements • Screening criteria

19. Analytical Framework • Implementation assessment of selected strategies • Identification of management tasks • When, where, how • Identification of responsible agencies and corresponding institutional linkages • Who is doing what • Confrontation with existing polices • Are the identified actions confront with existing polices for the implementing agency • Financing and staffing • All costs • Obtaining fund • Organizational structure and capacity building

20. Analytical Framework • Evaluation of strategies • Score cards • Multi Criteria Analysis • Benefit Cost analysis • Presentation of Results

21. Evaluation Criteria for GW Projects- UN

22. Sources of Uncertainty • Population and demand • Stochastic nature of water resources • quantity • quality • New water resources • Future geopolitical map • O&M • technical • financial • institutional • Socio-economics • Conflict of interests • tariff structure • willingness and ability to pay • social implications of using treated wastewater • market conditions • WRM includes WRP where it forms the most complexity of WRM due: • - Uncertainty • - conflict of interest • - political reality There is one thing sure about a plan is that it will not come true????????????

23. Coping with Uncertainty • Robustness • Combination of scenarios to obtain the most robust solution • Hydrologic scenarios (occurrence of droughts, reduction of the recharge to the aquifer, the data of computing the aquifer storage, floods disasters) • Socioeconomic scenario (population growth, level of consumption, unemployment rates, willingness to pay, ) • Financial scenarios (energy price, exchange rates, inflation) • Political scenarios (change in political system, policy change…) • Technical scenarios (the capacity to develop resource for a certain price will change a function of the technology available –desalination options)

24. Coping with Uncertainty • Sensitivity analysis • Solution that is least sensitive to boundary conditions • Flexible planning • Cyclic planning and feed back loops • Probabilistic approach • Probability is the best way to characterize uncertainty The objective of planning should not to find the optimal alternative but it should be robust plan.

25. Most Robust Alternative • The robust Plan means: • Keep as many options as possible open for future development • considering the short term decision that leaves maximum scope for future policy. • The options should be checked with sensitivity analyses Keep Your Options Open The planning should be flexible and allow for back loops and feedbacks)

26. PWA • Vision • Ensure equitable use, sustainable management and development of Palestinian water resources. • Goals • Optimally manage, protect and conserve existing water resources and enhance new resources to meet present and future demands • Guarantee the right of access to water of a good quality for both the present population and future generations at costs they can afford

27. Palestinian Policy Principles • Pursue Palestinian interests in connection with obtaining riparian rights to water resources shared with other countries; • All sources of water are public property; • Water has a unique value for human survival and health and all citizens have the right to water of good quality for personal consumption at costs they can afford; • Water has social, environmental and economic values; • Water supply must be based on sustainable development of all available and feasible water resources; • Industrial and agricultural development and investment must be compatible and optimally integrated with the available resources and based on sustainable development;

28. Palestinian Policy Principles, continue • The development of Palestinian water resources must be coordinated at national level and carried out at the appropriate local level; • The optimal development of water supply must be complemented by a consistent water demand management; • Conservation and optimal utilization of water resources should be promoted and enhanced; • Protection and pollution control of water resources should be ensured. The polluter pays principle will be applied in order to guarantee environmental protection; • The government will cooperate with regional and extra-regional parties on programs and projects in order to promote the optimum utilization of water resources, to identify and develop new and additional supplies and to collect and share relevant information and data • Public participation in the water sector should be ensured.

29. Key Strategy • Secure Palestinian water rights; • Strengthen national policies and regulations; • Build institutional capacity and develop human resources; • Improve information services and assessment of water resources; • Regulate and coordinate integrated water and wastewater investments and operations; • Enforce water pollution control and protection of water resources; • Build public awareness and participation; • Promote regional & international cooperation.

31. Water availability in the Western Aquifer Basin Recharge: Oslo figures Utilization: 1980-1999 Data

32. Water availability in the North-eastern Aquifer Basin Recharge: Oslo figures Utilization: 1980-1999 Data

33. Water availabilityin the Eastern Aquifer Basin

34. The Value of Water Value vs. GNP (Gross National Product) GNP: the total dollar value of all final goods and services produced for consumption in society during a particular time period. Its rise or fall measures economic activity based on the labor and production output within a country

35. The Value of Water Factors: • Availability and Need (scarcity vs. competitive users) • Suitability to multiple uses (rainfall has high value) • Occurrence in time • Occurrence in location • Continuity (dependable sources has higher value)

36. Aspects of Water Compared to Other Market Goods