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TRENDS in Local Governance of Education

TRENDS in Local Governance of Education. Changes Over Time in Approaches to Decentralization. I. Six Trends in Governance of Education. Globalization Inputs to Outputs Increased Complexity Involvement of Stakeholders Sources of Revenue Management to Governance.

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TRENDS in Local Governance of Education

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  1. TRENDSin Local Governanceof Education

  2. Changes Over Timein Approaches toDecentralization

  3. I. Six Trendsin Governanceof Education • Globalization • Inputs to Outputs • Increased Complexity • Involvement of Stakeholders • Sources of Revenue • Management to Governance

  4. Distinctions between Management and Governance • What is controlled: ends vs. means effectiveness and efficiency • Location of final control accountability

  5. II. Trends in What Authority is Transferred TYPES OF DECISIONS • End purpose • Structure and operations • Personnel • Clients • Finance

  6. MISSION orEND PURPOSE • Who sets? • Who assesses fulfillment? • Who is held responsible?

  7. STRUCTURE and OPERATIONS • Who decides how the school will run? • Who actually “runs” the school? • Who can change allocation of resources: money, time, personnel? • Who audits operation?

  8. PERSONNEL • Who sets qualifications? • Who hires? • Who assesses performance? • Who can transfer? Fire? • Who sets pay scale? • Who can promote?

  9. CLIENTS • What proportion to serve? • Who gets admitted? • How are students assigned? • What do they pay?

  10. FINANCE Main issues are: 1. Source 2. Budgeting 3. Disbursement 4. Auditing

  11. III. Trends in Who Receives Authority • Professionals in Education • The “Community” • Consumers

  12. LOCAL PROFESSIONALS • Level depends on starting point • Management by professionals • Central attention to outputs • Improves with training • Limited community participation

  13. LOCAL COMMUNITY • Most often parents, sometimes citizens • Most often management and not governance • School administrators critical to community participation • What kind of training best?

  14. LOCAL CONSUMERS • Most often parents, but could be others • Two major mechanisms: --choice of public school --public support for private schools • Increased governance by administrators • Driven by market

  15. IV. Trends in Effects of Localization • Initial reforms --no change in quality --efficiency unchanged --greater inequity

  16. More recent experiences --parents can be good managers of schools --parental involvement helps if increases teacher time-on-task --gains on tests if focus teaching on test Hypothesis: increased time-on-task major factor in improved learning

  17. Limited evidence yet of gains in equity • No clear indication of effect of participation on community • SBM shows can achieve same effects without participation

  18. Community Participation for Democratization • Not limited to parents • Focus on school as community institution • Governance rather than management • Random selection of governors • At all levels in society

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