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Smart Grid Communications

Smart Grid Communications. Christy XIONG Siyu 2013/11/27. Outline. What is Smart Grid Smart Grid VS Existing Grid Characteristics of Smart Grid S mart Grid Communications Technologies S mart Grid Communications Requirements Implementing Smart Grid Communications.

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Smart Grid Communications

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  1. Smart Grid Communications Christy XIONG Siyu 2013/11/27

  2. Outline • What is Smart Grid • Smart Grid VS Existing Grid • Characteristics of Smart Grid • Smart Grid Communications Technologies • Smart Grid Communications Requirements • Implementing Smart Grid Communications

  3. What is Smart Grid? • Smart Grid is the next-generation electricity grid. • Smart Grid is an intelligent electricity network that integrates all users and makes use of advanced digital information technologies to optimize energy use and increase reliability.

  4. Smart Grid VS Existing Grid • Existing electricity grid — Unidirectional in nature — converts 1/3 of fuel energy into electricity — cannot recover the waste heat • Smart grid — to provide full visibility and pervasive control — self-healing and resilient to system anomalies — to empower its stakeholders to define and realize new ways of engaging with each other and performing energy transactions

  5. Smart Grid VS Existing Grid The existing grid: lack of communication capabilities The smart grid: full of enhanced sensing and advanced communication and computing abilities. Smart grid architecture increases the capacity and flexibility of the network and provides advanced sensing and control through modern communications technologies.

  6. Smart Grid VS Existing Grid

  7. Characteristics of Smart Grid

  8. Key Technologies

  9. Communication Technologies • Between smart meters and electric utilities • Wireless communications — low cost infrastructure — ease of connection to difficult/unreachable areas • Wired communications — without interference problems — functions not dependent on batteries

  10. Communication Technologies • ZigBee • Wireless Mesh • Cellular Network Communication • Powerline Communication • Digital Subscriber Lines • Reference: Gungor, V. C., Sahin, D., Kocak, T., Ergut, S., Buccella, C., Cecati, C., and Hancke, G. P. "Smart grid technologies: communication technologies and standards". Industrial informatics, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory,pp. 529-539, 2011.

  11. Communication Technologies • ZigBee protocol: A wireless communications technology — low in power usage, data rate, complexity, and cost of deployment; — smart lightning, energy monitoring, home automation, and automatic meter reading, etc. • Advantages — 16 channels in the 2.4GHz band, each with 5 MHz of bandwidth; — a good option for metering and energy management; — simplicity, mobility, robustness, low bandwidth requirements, low cost of deployment

  12. CommunicationTechnologies • Disadvantages: practical implementations —low processing capabilities — small memory size — small delay requirements — being subject to interference with other appliances • To extend the network life time and provide a reliable and energy-efficient network performance — interference detection schemes — interference avoidance schemes — energy-efficient routing protocols

  13. Communication Technologies • Wireless Mesh — a communications network made up of radio nodes organized in a mesh topology. — consist of mesh clients, mesh routers and gateways. A mesh network is reliable and offers redundancy. When one node can no longer operate, the rest of the nodes can still communicate with each other, directly or through one or more intermediate nodes.

  14. Communication Technologies • Advantages —self-organization & self-healing — improving the network performance — balancing the load on the network • Disadvantages — Network capacity — fading — interference — coverage Providing the balance between reliable and flexible routing, a sufficient number of smart nodes, taking into account node cost, are very critical for mesh networks.

  15. Communication Technologies • Powerline Communication • PLC is a technique that uses the existing powerlines to transmit high-speed (2–3 Mb/s) data signals from one device to the other. • PLC carries data on a conductor that is also used simultaneously for AC electric power transmission or electric power distribution to consumers. • the first choice for communication with the electricity meter

  16. Communication Technologies • Powerline Communication • Advantages — The standardization efforts on PLC networks — The cost-effective —ubiquitous nature — widely available infrastructure Data transmissions are broadcast in nature for PLC, hence, the security aspects are critical. • Disadvantages — powerlinetransmission:harsh and noisy — low-bandwidth

  17. Smart Grid Communications Requirements • Security To avoid cyberattacks, efficient security mechanisms • System Reliability, Robustness and Availability A hybrid communication technology mixed with wired and wireless solutions can be used. • Scalability to facilitate the operation of the power grid • Quality-of-Service (QoS) Key: the communication between the power supplier and power customers A QoS mechanism must be provided to satisfy the communications requirements (for example high-speed routing) and a QoS routing protocol must be applied in the communications network.

  18. Implementing Smart Grid Communications • Communications for Data Transport • Networks for the Future • Last-Mile Challenges • Data Integration and Management • Customer Programs • Scheduling Savings • Improving Load Factors

  19. Implementing Smart Grid Communications • Communications for Data Transport • WANs Electric utilities continue to be among the largest users of privately owned and operated wide-area networks (WANs) for communications. These networks include a hybrid mix of technologies including fiber optics, power line carrier systems, copper-wire line, and a variety of licensed and unlicensed wireless technologies.

  20. Implementing Smart Grid Communications These utility WANs have served traditional applications like SCADA/EMS, distribution automation (DA)/demandside management (DSM) and automatic meter reading (AMR), now popularly encompassed as part of the Smart Grid.

  21. Implementing Smart Grid Communications • Networks for the future — the problem of establishing robust data transport WANs to the distribution feeder and customer level — a nearly ubiquitous IP transport network operating at bandwidths robust enough to handle traditional utility power delivery applications along with vast amounts of new data from the Smart Grid — scalable enough to handle future applications • Reference: Cupp J G, Beehler M E. “Implementing smart grid communications:Managing Mountains of Data Opens Up New Challenges” for Electric Utilities [J]. Burns and McDonnell Tech brief, 2008.

  22. Thank You

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