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Cochliomyia hominivorax

Cochliomyia hominivorax. Heather Peters Amy Liberio. Aka. New World Screwworm. This species is the most important cause of myiasis (infection by fly larvae) in the world Adult flies are a deep, greenish-blue metallic color with a yellow, reddish, or orange face, and 3 stripes on the thorax

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Cochliomyia hominivorax

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  1. Cochliomyiahominivorax Heather Peters Amy Liberio

  2. Aka. New World Screwworm • This species is the most important cause of myiasis (infection by fly larvae) in the world • Adult flies are a deep, greenish-blue metallic color with a yellow, reddish, or orange face, and 3 stripes on the thorax • Adults are about twice the size of a common house fly (between 20-25mm long) • Adult often confused with Cochliomyiamacellaria, aka. Secondary screwworm

  3. Comparison Secondary screwworm Feeds on dead tissue only New World screwworm Feeds on both dead and living tissue

  4. Geography • Located throughout the Neotropical region • Normal range: Mexico to northern Chile and Argentina • Has been seen as far north as Minnesota and Montana

  5. Hosts • Definitive hosts: humans, cattle, horses, goats, cats, dogs, along with many other warm-blooded animals • No intermediate hosts

  6. Life Stages • Egg • Larva • Pupa • Adult • Entire life cycle takes place in an average of 20-21 days

  7. Life Cycle

  8. Life Cycle • Females will lay their eggs (100-350) at the edge of an open wound, since larvae cannot penetrate intact skin • The larvae will hatch from the eggs and will embed themselves in the host’s tissue and begin to feed on both dead and living tissue

  9. Life Cycle • After a few days of gorging themselves, the larvae will drop off of the host and bury themselves in the soil • They then develop a dry shell around themselves and enter the pupal stage • During this stage they will undergo metamorphosis and become mature adult flies • Once development is complete, the flies will emerge from their pupae and begin to mate • Males will mate many times, whereas females will only mate once

  10. Pathogenesis • Cutaneous myiasis • Often seen in cattle and other warm-blooded animals • As higher numbers of cattle become infected, chances of humans becoming infected are greatly increased

  11. Pathogenesis • Nasopharangealmyiasis • This type of myiasis is more common in humans • Eggs will be deposited near nasal opening, and larvae will migrate into nasal cavities and pharynx

  12. Symptoms • Formation of wounds • Enlargement of existing wounds • Decaying flesh • Wound discharge • Secondary bacterial infections • Pain in infected area • Edema • Fever • Lethargy • Loss of appetite

  13. Diagnosis • Visualization of larvae in or around wounds • In cattle, infected individual will often separate self from group, display discomfort and depression • No serologic tests available

  14. Treatment • Killing and manual removal of larvae from infected site • Treatment of cutaneous wounds with approved pesticide (Spinosad-aerosol) • Administration of antibiotics to treat secondary bacterial infections

  15. Control • Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)- a process where adult males are raised in a lab and sterilized via radiation and are released into the environment • Since females only mate once, if they mate with a sterile male then females will produce sterile eggs and this will break the cycle • Injections of doramectin has been shown to give some protection to cattle against New World Screwworm infections • Detection of wounds on cattle and other animals, and immediate treatment of the wound with an approved insecticide • Wash and keep any wounds clean • No vaccine available

  16. Economic Importance • Before eradication of Cochliomyiahominivorax an average of 180,000 livestock deaths occurred yearly in Texas alone • Since eradication in the mid-1950s, the United States saves $900 million yearly that before would have been lost due to this parasite

  17. Monsters Inside Me • http://health.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-screwworms.html

  18. Review • What geographic regions are home to Cochliomyiahominivorax? • What is myiasis? • How is this parasite controlled? • What are the different life stages of this parasite?

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