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Section 3

Section 3. Han Emperors in China. The Han Dynasty expands China’s borders and develops a system of government that lasts for centuries. NEXT. SECTION. 3. Han Emperors in China. The Han Restore Unity to China. Troubled Empire

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Section 3

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  1. Section 3 Han Emperors in China The Han Dynasty expands China’s borders and develops a system of government that lasts for centuries. NEXT

  2. SECTION 3 Han Emperors in China The Han Restore Unity to China Troubled Empire • In Qin Dynasty peasants resent high taxes and harsh labor, rebel Liu Bang Founds the Han Dynasty • Liu Bang defeats Xiang Yu, a rival for power, and founds Han Dynasty • Han Dynasty—begins in 202 B.C., lasts 400 years • Han Dynasty has great influence on Chinese people, culture • Liu Bang establishes centralized government—a central authority rules • Liu Bang lowers taxes and reduces punishments to keep people happy Interactive Continued . . . NEXT

  3. SECTION 3 continued The Han Restore Unity to China The Empress Lü • Liu Bang dies in 195 B.C.; wife Lü seizes control of empire • Empress Lü rules for her young son, outlives him • Palace plots and power plays occur throughout Han Dynasty The Martial Emperor • Liu Bang’s great-grandson Wudi rules from 141 to 87 B.C. • “Martial Emperor” Wudi defeats Xiongnu (nomads) and mountain tribes • Colonizes Manchuria, Korea, and as far south as what is now Vietnam NEXT

  4. SECTION 3 A Highly Structured Society Chart Emperor’s Role • Chinese believe their emperor has authority to rule from god • Believe prosperity reward of good rule; troubles reveal poor rule Structures of Han Government • Complex bureaucracy runs Han government • People pay taxes and supply labor, military service • Government uses peasant labor to carry out public projects Continued . . . NEXT

  5. SECTION 3 continued A Highly Structured Society Confucianism, the Road to Success • Wudi’s government employs 130,000; bureaucracy of 18 ranks of jobs • Civil service jobs—government jobs obtained through examinations • Job applicants begin to be tested on knowledge of Confucianism • Wudi favors Confucian scholars, builds school to train them • Only sons of wealthy can afford expensive schooling • Civil service system works well, continues until 1912 NEXT

  6. SECTION 3 Han Technology, Commerce, and Culture Technology Revolutionizes Chinese Life • Invention of paper in A.D. 105 helps spread education • Collar harness, plow, wheelbarrow improve farming Chart Agriculture Versus Commerce • As population grows, farming regarded as important activity • Government allows monopolies—control by one group over key industries • Techniques for producing silk become state secret as profits increase Image NEXT

  7. SECTION 3 The Han Unifies Chinese Culture Bringing Different Peoples Under Chinese Rule • To unify empire, Chinese government encourages assimilation • Assimilation—integrating conquered peoples into Chinese culture • Writers encourage unity by recording Chinese history Image Women’s Roles—Wives, Nuns, and Scholars • Most women work in the home and on the farm • Some upper-class women are educated, run shops, practice medicine NEXT

  8. SECTION 3 The Fall of the Han and Their Return The Rich Take Advantage of the Poor • Large landowners gain control of more and more land • Gap between rich and poor increases Wang Mang Overthrows the Han • Economic problems and weak emperors cause political instability • In A.D. 9, Wang Mang seizes power and stabilizes empire • Wang Mang is assassinated in A.D. 23; Han soon regain control The Later Han Years • Peace restored, Later Han Dynasty lasts until A.D. 220 NEXT

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