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Shoreline alteration

Shoreline alteration. By: Kristen Woodling. www.seattlepi.com/mediaManager/?controllerNam. www.pwconserve.org/.../graphics/january2004.jpg. Outline. Background- why alter the shoreline? Shoreline alteration on the global scale Shoreline alteration in Lake Erie Problems

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Shoreline alteration

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  1. Shoreline alteration By: Kristen Woodling www.seattlepi.com/mediaManager/?controllerNam... www.pwconserve.org/.../graphics/january2004.jpg

  2. Outline • Background- why alter the shoreline? • Shoreline alteration on the global scale • Shoreline alteration in Lake Erie • Problems • Possible solutions • Research paper • My research • Conclusion J.Ross

  3. Background • Shoreline alteration: any anthropogenic activity that adds to or removes parts of a shoreline • Shorelines are altered/hardened in order to reduce erosion • Shorelines have been anthropocentrically altered since the first human settlements http://www.climate.gov.ki/Climate_change_effects_in_Kiribati.html

  4. farm1.static.flickr.com/56/152644051_7ea7510a somd.com/news/headlines/2008/9000.shtml http://ian.umces.edu/imagelibrary/displayimage-lastupby-0-2471-1062.html www.boatnerd.com/.../Breakwall-12-06-04LR.jpg

  5. Shoreline Alteration on the Global Scale • Shoreline alteration is a global issue • Little is known about exact relationship between alteration and aquatic food webs • U.S. Atlantic coast: • Less then 10% of shoreline set aside for conservation • Estimated 60% of remaining shoreline is in process of development

  6. Shoreline alteration in Lake Erie • ~98% of shorelines in the western basin have been armored with stone, iron or concrete • Lake Erie is the most developed and structurally protected of the Great Lakes TOLEDO http://photography-plus.com/fullPic.asp?picID=1639

  7. Problems • Degrades natural environment • Severs aquatic-terrestrial linkages • Reduces shallow water habitat • Decreases economic/aesthetic/recreational integrity of area • Allows for greater amounts of runoff www.pwconserve.org/.../graphics/january2004.jpg www.sciencedaily.com/.../09/090917161736.htm cristinabump.wordpress.com/.../australia/sydney/

  8. Possible Solutions Riparian Buffer Woody Debris Living Shoreline Permit en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riparian_buffer landscape.zoology.wisc.edu/ .../Logs2.jpg www.adepttech.com/images/Shoreline2012.jpg Bill Bartodziej (DNR)

  9. Solutions • STOP BUILDING ON SHORELINES! www.pwconserve.org/.../graphics/january2004.jpg

  10. Research Paper • “Effects of coastal development on near shore estuarine nekton communities”D.M. Bilkovic, M.M. Roggero • Effects of landscape features and coastal development on near shore habitats and near shore nekton community (James River, Virginia) • Nekton assemblages at sites with low development (<23%) and natural or riprap shorelines were different from all other combinations of altered conditions

  11. Summary • Both upland development and the placement of erosion control structures on the shoreline were associated with reduced fish community integrity, and shoreline alterations were linked with the amount of sub-tidal structural habitat in the near shore. ian.umces.edu/imagelibrary/displayimage-6755.html minnesota.publicradio.org/.../14/shorelineregs/

  12. Methods and Materials • Bow-mounted Marine Sonic Sea Scan used to classify bottom conditions. • Bottom classifications: • featureless (soft) • structural habitat (hard) • River was divided into three 20km sections segmented into near shore reaches based on adjacent shoreline condition (riprap revetment, bulkhead, natural [unmodified]) and surveyed bottom type [hard or soft]). http://www.keoghsmarine.com.au/product_list.php?g_CategoryID=242

  13. Methods Cont. • Two replicate seining halls were done at each site to assess fish and benthic community (July-August 2005). cassisaari.com/j/tag/potamogeton/

  14. Fig. 1. Fish community survey locations and land use on the James River, 2005 National Land Cover Database

  15. Fig. 3. Mean ± SE fish community index by shoreline condition: bulkhead, riprap revetment or natural. Values associated with bulkhead shorelines were significantly lower than for riprap revetment or natural conditions(1-wayANOVA, p = 0.04)

  16. Fig. 2. Mean ± SE structural sub-tidal habitat by shoreline condition: bulkhead, riprap revetment or natural, for fish survey sites on the James River. Structural habitat, such as oyster reefs, clam beds or woody debris was reduced adjacent to hardened shorelines (1-way ANOVA, p = 0.009)

  17. PC1 PC2 Fig. 5. Multidimensional scaling ordination of James River near shore nekton assemblages adjacent to sites categorized into 5 arrangements of upland land use and shoreline condition

  18. Results • Nekton assemblages at sites with low development (<23%) and natural or riprap shorelines were different from all other combinations of altered conditions • Shoreline alteration and land use are affecting nekton communities

  19. My Research • Identified and categorized Lake Erie shoreline based on anthropogenic influences and amount of recovery. • Identified relationships of these shoreline types with fish community. J.Ross J.Ross

  20. Methods • Electrofished 21 sites along southern shoreline of Lake Erie • Categorization of shoreline: J.Ross J.Ross J.Ross dreamstime.com

  21. Results • Study is still in progress • The results from a single factor ANOVA showed no significant difference (p=0.37) between the four categories. • We determined that categories were too broad and did not separate the sites based on factors that affect the fish community. • Assess land use and benthic data?

  22. Conclusions • Why? To reduce erosion • Shoreline alteration is a world-wide issue • Lake Erie is the most developed of the Great Lakes • Problems: degrades environment, destroys habitat, increases runoff • Research Paper: shoreline alteration and land use are affecting nekton communities • Solutions: permits, buffers, living shoreline, stop building on shorelines

  23. References • D.M. Bilkovic, M.M. Roggero. 2008. Effects of coastal development on near shore estuarine nekton communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 358: 27-39 • Department of Natural Resources: • http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/publications/waters/shoreline_alterations_lakescaping.pdf • Greg G. Sass, James F. Kitchell, Stephen R. Carpenter, Thomas R. Hrabik, Anna E. Marburg, & Monica G. Yurner. 2006. Fish Community and Food Web Responses to a Whole-lake Removal of Coarse Woody Habitat. Fisheries. 31:7 321-33 • J G Titus, D E Hudgens, D L Trescott, M Craghan, W H Nuckols, C H Hershner, J M Kassakian, C J Linn, P G Merritt, T M McCue, J F O'Connell, J Tanski and J Wang. 2009. State and local governments plan for development of most land vulnerable to rising sea level along the US Atlantic coast. Environmental Research Letters. 4:4 1-8 • http://www.epa.gov/medatwrk/grosseile_site/indicators/sos/shoreline.pdf

  24. Questions?

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