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Light and colour

Light and colour. Keith Ross University of Gloucestershire. Overview of lecture. Key ideas and children’s views Perception is more than seeing Teaching Light and Colour. 1: Seeing. Figure 4.4 How does the light and our eyes help us see? (From Guesne 1985). The eyes as receptors of light.

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Light and colour

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  1. Light and colour Keith Ross University of Gloucestershire Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  2. Overview of lecture • Key ideas and children’s views • Perception is more than seeing • Teaching Light and Colour Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  3. 1: Seeing Figure 4.4 How does the light and our eyes help us see? (From Guesne 1985) Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  4. The eyes as receptors of light Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  5. Using light to ‘see with’ Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  6. Light and Sight Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  7. Alternative conceptions – firmly held ‘As they arrived next morning, three children told how they had (separately) taken their cats into a dark cupboard in the evening following the lesson. One was a striped ginger-and-white cat and its owner had expected to be able to see only the white stripes. In fact, nothing at all had been visible.’ Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  8. ‘To her great surprise the girl was unable to see the cat’s eyes either; but she surmised that this was because the cat was quite young (about a year old), and its eyes were still “too weak” to be seen.’ Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  9. Observation - naive or theory-based? • no observation is theory-free: • observation depends on comparing sense data arriving in our brains with ideas already in our heads Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  10. When you know what this is put your hand up but say nothing. Look around to see how many know Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  11. It is a man on a horse Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  12. Prior knowledge helps us to sort out the image concealed in this picture Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  13. Tell each other what has happened. Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  14. Understanding takes place when we link sense data to existing ideas Try to remember what you are about to see and write it down – show each other what you wrote. Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  15. Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  16. Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  17. There’s more to seeing than light entering your eye – the brain needs to de-code the information Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  18. The scientific method is ‘Purposeful observation’. • We interpret light signals to our eyes as physical objects ‘out there’ The clear circles on agar plates - Flemming, a microbiologist, saw moulds killing bacteria. Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  19. The scientific method is ‘Purposeful observation’. • Darwin had seen selective breeding amongst pigeons, and saw the same thing with Galapagos finches (or did he?) • Mendel, a trained mathematician, saw huge significance in his 3:1 ratio of tall to short peas. (Is that why he obtained this perfect ratio?) Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  20. Scientists • are biased in their observations - aren’t they supposed to be objective? • objective observation cannot be done. • When we observe, our minds are trying to make sense by comparing our existing ideas with our sense data. • double blind tests? Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  21. Iodine going black • a picture of photosynthesis • or strange words on bottles, a series of processes with a couple of leaves, one of which goes black. • “This shows that photosynthesis requires light”. Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  22. Theories are the creation of our minds. • Distinguish between the creativity of Newton (Laws of Motion) and Shakespeare (Macbeth). • Scientific ideas must be tested against reality Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  23. How do we see? • How is the eye like a camera? • How is the eye not like a camera? • Why is the image formed upside down on the retina? • The brain does the rest! Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  24. The pinhole camera • Camera, chamber, comrade, room Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  25. Shadows (Shade) • How are shadows formed? • Why do some shadows become fuzzy, or poorly defined? Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  26. Shadows • Children often confuse shadows and reflections Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  27. Reflections (Flexible) How is a reflection (image) different from a shadow? • Detail • Colour • Shape Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  28. Reflected light makes images Light appears to come from behind the mirror www.saburchill.com/ physics/chapters3/0002.html Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  29. 3: Candle light • Does it travel further at night? • Why does a cinema look dark when we first enter, but then we see more easily? Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  30. Travelling light Light travels in straight lines - and very fast Thunder and lightning Hitting a cricket ball • 8 times round the world in a second • To the moon and back in 3 seconds • To the nearest star in 8 minutes, • To Jupiter in three hours • The next nearest star in 4.5 years Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  31. Which direction should you look to see the rainbow? Refraction and reflection of light in a water droplet 5: Rainbow Blue bends more than red Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ] http://my.unidata.ucar.edu/content/staff/blynds/rnbw.html

  32. Refraction (KS3) • Why do we see rainbow colours when white light is passed through a prism? Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  33. 6: Colour • What do these words mean: • Transparent • Translucent • Opaque • What happens to light when it ‘hits’ opaque objects • Scattered • Reflected • Absorbed Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  34. Colour mixing – positive and negative • Mix paint colours, e.g. Magenta (red), Cyan (blue), yellow, - more light is absorbed – darker colour –subtracting from white. Pigments and artists. • Adding coloured lights, e.g. red (orange), blue (purple), green – more light is added – nearer to white light. Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  35. After images • Your eyes have three receptors RGB • If one gets blinded (tired) only the other two will work when white light (RGB) enters your eye. • Stare at the cross and dot then relax your eyes into the white screen Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  36. Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  37. Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  38. Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  39. Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  40. Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  41. Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  42. Use the hand lens to identify which guns are firing for each of these colours: red, green, blue, cyan, magenta and yellow. Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  43. Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

  44. Adding lights to a dark TV screen Download K4.3_2.0a <Lead lecture – Light> Authored by Keith Ross, Uni. of Gloucestershire. Accessed from http://www.ase.org.uk/sci-tutors/ date created May 05. [This document can be freely copied and amended if used for educational purposes. It must not be used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web source must be acknowledged whether used as it stands or whether adapted in any way. ]

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