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Using Sources in your Work: A Tutorial on Avoiding Plagiarism

Using Sources in your Work: A Tutorial on Avoiding Plagiarism. NOTE: To move through this tutorial, use the mouse to click on the arrow at the bottom right of your screen. Agenda for This Tutorial. Read about examples of plagiarism and the consequences in the real world.

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Using Sources in your Work: A Tutorial on Avoiding Plagiarism

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  1. Using Sources in your Work:A Tutorial on Avoiding Plagiarism NOTE: To move through this tutorial, use the mouse to click on the arrow at the bottom right of your screen.

  2. Agenda for This Tutorial • Read about examples of plagiarism and the consequences in the real world. • Learn more about plagiarism: • What plagiarism is and how one can avoid it • When to cite your sources • How to cite your sources • Take a quiz to verify your understanding. • Pledge that you will avoid plagiarism.

  3. You know this…don’t you? • Sure you do. Teachers have been talking (and talking, and talking) about plagiarism—and how you should avoid it. • But, if it is so bad, why do students (and adults) do it?

  4. Why do students plagiarize?Here are some excuses… Why does it matter? My (pick one of the following) teacher/parent/guardian doesn’t care if I do it. Everybody else does it. Why not me, too? The assignment was dumb/boring/too hard/too easy/etc., so why should I put my effort into it?

  5. Why do students plagiarize?Here are some excuses… Why does it matter? My (pick one of the following) teacher/parent/guardian doesn’t care if I do it. Everybody else does it. Why not me, too? I didn’t know that I had to cite my sources. I didn’t understand the assignment and I needed some help. The assignment was dumb/boring/too hard/too easy/etc., so why should I put my effort into it?

  6. Why do students plagiarize?Here are some excuses… Why does it matter? My (pick one of the following) teacher/parent/guardian doesn’t care if I do it. I didn’t have the time to do the work on my own. I had work/rehearsal/practice/etc. Everybody else does it. Why not me, too? I didn’t know that I had to cite my sources. I didn’t understand the assignment and I needed some help. I had to. I need to have good grades. The assignment was dumb/boring/too hard/too easy/etc., so why should I put my effort into it?

  7. Why do students plagiarize?Here are some excuses… Why does it matter? My (pick one of the following) teacher/parent/guardian doesn’t care if I do it. I didn’t have the time to do the work on my own. I had work/rehearsal/practice/etc. Everybody else does it. Why not me, too? I didn’t know that I had to cite my sources. I didn’t understand the assignment and I needed some help. I had to. I need to have good grades. The assignment was dumb/boring/too hard/too easy/etc., so why should I put my effort into it? Have you heard any of those before?

  8. But those excuses don’t cut it…There is no acceptable excuse for plagiarism.Plagiarism is cheating(and it will be treated as such if it is found in your work). Look at these real life examples…

  9. Real Life Plagiarism Scandals Doris Kearns Goodwin, a Pulitzer Prize winning historian, was forced to step down from the Pulitzer board after she was found to have accidentally used another’s words in one of her books. Disgraced Kirpatrick, David D. “Author Goodwin Resigns from Pulitzer Board.” New York Times. (1 June 2002.) 5 Aug. 2008. <http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C06E7D7143AF932A35755C0A9649C8B63>. Hostetter, Janet. 6 Apr 2006. Associated Press Images. 5 Aug 2008. <http://apimages.ap.org>

  10. Real Life Plagiarism Scandals After being accused of rampant plagiarism in her work, tenured professor Madonna G. Constantine was fired from her position at Columbia University. Fired Santora, Marc. “Columbia Professor in Noose Case Is Fired on Plagiarism Charges.” New York Times. (24 June 2008.) 5 Aug. 2008. <http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/24/nyregion/24columbia.html?scp=1&sq=Madonna%20Constantine%20&st=cse>. Bondafeff, Dian. 10 Oct. 2007. Associated Press Images. 5 Aug 2008. <http://apimages.ap.org>.

  11. Real Life Plagiarism Scandals As a reporter for the New York Times, Jayson Blair plagiarized or fabricated in more than 40 stories between 2002 and 2005. He was fired from his job. The top two editors of the newspaper resigned as a result of the scandal. Forced to give up career “Correcting the Record.” New York Times. 11 May 2003. The New York Times. 5 Aug 2008. <http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9403E1DB123FF932A25756C0A9659C8B63> Image: Szymaszek, Jennifer. 12 May 2004. Associated Press Images. 5 Aug 2008. <http:// apimages.ap.org>

  12. Real Life Plagiarism Scandals Blair Hornstein was the valedictorian of her high school class and had earned admission to Harvard University. After articles Hornstein wrote for a local newspaper were discovered to have been plagiarized, Harvard University rescinded their acceptance. Harvard Admission Revoked “Blair Hornstein.” The Gothamist. 14 July 2003. 5 Aug. 2008. <http://gothamist.com/2003/07/14/gothamist.php>. Capuzzo, Jill P. “MOORESTOWN JOURNAL; Seeing Crimson.” New York Times. (20 July 2003.) 5 Aug. 2008. <http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E00E6D61E3CF933A15754C0A9659C8B63&scp=4&sq=Blair%20Hornstein%20&st=cse>.

  13. So, as you can see,plagiarism is a serious offense.This presentation is part of your class work so that you know what plagiarism is and how you can avoid it.

  14. Definition of Plagiarism • Plagiarism is: • To steal the words or ideas of another person • To pass off the words or ideas of another person as one’s own • Further: • It doesn’t matter whether the theft is intentional or accidental. Either way, it is plagiarism.

  15. Let’s look at some hypothetical situations.For each, determine if the student plagiarized or did not.Click on the arrow to move to the next page.

  16. Jack’s Situation Jack has an English paper due tomorrow. He read the book and paid attention during class, but he has no idea what to write about. Jack logs onto the Internet “just to get some ideas about topics for his paper.” He finds a great idea and begins writing his paper using the topic he found. He is very careful to avoid copying any text or words from the Internet article he found. Is this plagiarism? Yes No

  17. You must choose from the blue buttons at the bottom of the page.Read the situation and then choose one of the options presented. Click here to return to previous slide

  18. You said…Jack did plagiarize. You are right. Jack’s actions constitute plagiarism. • Jack is committing plagiarism by taking the ideas of the source without citing them in the paper. • Even though he put the ideas in his own words, Jack is stealing the intellectual property of the source.

  19. You said…Jack did not plagiarize. You are wrong. Jack’s actions constitute plagiarism. • Jack is committing plagiarism by taking the ideas of the source without citing them in the paper. • Even though he put the ideas in his own words, Jack is stealing the intellectual property of the source. You are wrong. Jack’s actions constitute plagiarism. • He could avoid plagiarism if he cites the source of the ideas in his paper.

  20. Jill’s Situation During history class, Jill is asked to find some background on Fidel Castro’s rise to power. Jill does a Google search and arrives at Wikipedia’s article on Fidel Castro. Without using quotation marks, Jill cuts and pastes several sentences from Wikipedia into her assignment. Is this plagiarism? Yes No

  21. You must choose from the blue buttons at the bottom of the page.Read the situation and then choose one of the options presented. Click here to return to previous slide

  22. You said…Jill did plagiarize. You are right. Jill’s actions constitute plagiarism. • By taking the words from the Wikipedia article, Jill is committing plagiarism. • She can avoid plagiarizing by quoting the article in her assignment and including an entry that describes the source in a bibliography at the end of her paper.

  23. You said…Jill did not plagiarize. You are wrong. Jill’s actions constitute plagiarism. • By taking the words from the Wikipedia article, Jill is committing plagiarism. • She can avoid plagiarizing by quoting the article in her assignment and including an entry that describes the source in a bibliography at the end of her paper.

  24. Gretel’s Situation Gretel is a freshman who feels overwhelmed by the high school. When her science teacher assigns a short worksheet on genetics, Gretel is confused and frustrated. During lunch, Gretel “borrows” her friend’s paper and copies the answers onto her own paper. Is this plagiarism? Yes No

  25. You must choose from the blue buttons at the bottom of the page.Read the situation and then choose one of the options presented. Click here to return to previous slide

  26. You said…Gretel did plagiarize. You are right. Gretel’s actions constitute plagiarism. • Even if Gretel’s friend gave permission for Gretel to copy her work, it is still plagiarism. • Gretel is guilty of plagiarism. She tried to take credit for the words and ideas of another person.

  27. You said…Gretel did not plagiarize. You are wrong. Gretel’s actions constitute plagiarism. • Even if Gretel’s friend gave permission for Gretel to copy her work, it is still plagiarism. • When a student attempts to take credit for the words and ideas of another person without acknowledging the original source of the work

  28. Think you’ve got it?Read the following…(and pay attention! There will be a quiz on this information at the end!)

  29. Definition of Plagiarism • Plagiarism is: • To steal the words or ideas of another person • To pass off the words or ideas of another person as one’s own • It doesn’t matter whether the theft is intentional or accidental. Either way, it is plagiarism.

  30. How to Avoid Plagiarism • Cite the source of any idea or words you take from anyone else. • Carefully mark the beginning and end of the source’s words or idea. • Provide a bibliography to show where the borrowed material originated.

  31. OK, I get it… there are penalties for plagiarizing because it is stealing someone else’s words or ideas. But, if I am not caught, I won’t be penalized. So, what is the benefit of citing my sources?

  32. Four good reasons for citing sources in your work: • Citing reliable information gives credibility to your work. • Cheating is unethical behavior. • It is only fair to give credit to the source—otherwise, you are stealing the source’s ideas. • The consequences are severe—plagiarism is not worth the risk.

  33. You probably have two questions:(1)What do I need to cite?(2) How do I cite?Read on for the answers…

  34. Did you think of it? Yes. No. Is it common knowledge? Yes. No. Do not cite it. Cite it. What do I need to cite? • This chart will help you decide what must be cited. • It was created by Robert A. Harris in The Plagiarism Handbook.

  35. Did you think of it? Yes. No. Is it common knowledge? Yes. No. Do not cite it. Cite it. So—the rule is:If you created it without any help,you do not need to cite the source.If you did not create the content, you must cite the source.

  36. Did you think of it? Yes. No. Is it common knowledge? Yes. No. Do not cite it. Cite it. The one exception to that rule is for “common knowledge.”You do not need to cite the source of an unoriginal piece of information IF:(1) an educated person should know the information, OR(2) it is a fact that could be found in an encyclopedia.

  37. So, you don’t need to cite a fact, but you must cite the source of opinions and ideas that are not your own.And, you must cite anytime you use the exact words of the source—even if the words are presenting common knowledge.

  38. So, you don’t need to cite a fact, for example: Harper Lee wrote To Kill a Mockingbird.OR Harper Lee was born in 1926.but you must cite the source of opinions and ideas that are not your own.for example: Dorothy Gale believes that Lord of the Flies is an inspiring story (75).OR According to Joe Smith, Piggy represents the human spirit (15).And, you must cite anytime you use the exact words of the source—even if the words are presenting common knowledge.You must always cite the source of ANY direct quotation.

  39. Did you think of it? Yes. No. Is it common knowledge? Yes. No. Do not cite it. Cite it. Take one more look at this chart!If the idea and the words are yours, you do not need to cite.

  40. So, let’s check to see that you understand when you need to cite the source and when you don’t…Answer the following questions and choose the correct answer.

  41. Test Case #1 Jack isn’t sure if he needs to cite the source of the information below. He found the fact online. “Abraham Lincoln was our 16th president.” What do you think? What should Jack do? Pick one of the answers below. • Cite the source. • This means he will: • Either: • Surround with quotation marks, or • Put the quotation into his own words, • changing the syntax, structure, • & organization • Include a lead-in giving the source’s name, • Give the page number, and • List the source in a bibliography • Do not cite the • source. • This means that the information is a • commonly reported fact. It is generally • known and available from many sources. • Jack should verify the information in at • least two sources, then • Jack will write the well-known • information in his own words.

  42. You must choose one of the buttons at the bottom of the page.Read the situation and then choose one of the options presented. Click here to return to previous slide

  43. You are incorrect.In this case, citation is not necessary. • Jack does not need to cite the source or quote the information because it is general knowledge. • Abraham Lincoln’s status as the 16th President of the US is a fact that is verifiable in many places. Therefore, Jack can use the information without citation.

  44. You are correct!Jack does not need to cite this information. • Jack does not need to cite the source or quote the information because it is general knowledge. • Abraham Lincoln’s status as the 16th President of the US is a fact that is verifiable in many places. Therefore, Jack can use the information without citation.

  45. Test Case #2 In her paper on Affirmative Action, Jill found one source that explained that Affirmative Action “evens the field of play by forcing equality among all players.” In her paper, Jill uses the phrase “forcing equality” but she puts all the other parts of the source into her own words. What should Jill do? Pick one of the answers below. • Cite the source. • This means she will: • Either: • Surround with quotation marks, or • Put the quotation into her own words, • changing the syntax, structure, • & organization • Include a lead-in giving the source’s name, • Give the page number, and • List the source in a bibliography • Not cite the source. • This means that the information is generally • known and available from multiple sources. • Jill should verify the information in at • least two sources, then • Jill will write the well-known • information in his own words. • (3) Jill should make a bibliographic citation • for use on her Works Consulted page.

  46. You must choose one of the buttons at the bottom of the page.Read the situation and then choose one of the options presented. Click here to return to previous slide

  47. You are correct!Jill must cite this information. • Jill needs to cite the source of the paraphrase because the idea belongs to the source. • Further, because Jill uses the unique phrase “forcing equality,” she must include that phrase in quotation marks, indicating that it is a direct quotation from the source.

  48. You are incorrect.In this case, citation is necessary. • Jill needs to cite the source of the paraphrase because the idea belongs to the source. • Further, because Jill uses the unique phrase “forcing equality,” she must include that phrase in quotation marks, indicating that it is a direct quotation from the source.

  49. Test Case #3 Gretel found a very helpful article in an online database. She very carefully made sure that she rewrote the content of the article using her own personal style; she changed the author’s syntax and organization so that it fit seamlessly into her paper. What should Gretel do? • Cite the source. • This means she will: • Either: • Surround with quotation marks, or • Put the quotation into his own words, • changing the syntax, structure, • & organization • Include a lead-in giving the source’s name, • Give the page number, and • List the source in a bibliography • Not cite the source. • This means that the information is generally • known and available from multiple sources. • Gretel should verify the information in at • least two sources, then • Gretel will write the well-known • information in his own words. • (3) Gretel must include a bibliographic citation • on her Works Consulted page.

  50. You must choose one of the buttons at the bottom of the page.Read the situation and then choose one of the options presented. Click here to return to previous slide

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