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Understanding Nigeria: Challenges and Opportunities

Explore the complexities of governance in Nigeria, from its economic reliance on oil to its diverse population and ongoing social issues. Delve into the dangers of oil dependency, conflicts, and the impact of prebendalism on the nation. Witness the beauty and struggles of Africa's most populous country.

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Understanding Nigeria: Challenges and Opportunities

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  1. March 10 – Comp Gov Agenda: • Briefs • Intro to Nigeria HW: • Study for Giant Vocab Test Take out: • Briefs (Nigeria Group • Notebook • Pen/Pencil • Homework

  2. Nigeria The national motto: “Unity in Diversity” The national question: “How is the country to be governed given its great diversity?”

  3. NigeriaBasics • Size≈ California + Oregon + Washington • Niger Delta≈ half the size of Washington • Population≈ 175 million • Life expectancy at birth≈ 52 years • GDP (PPP)≈ $478 billion • GDP per capita≈ $2,800 per year (up!) • Oil/Petroleum Products≈ 90% of exports

  4. Africa at Night

  5. Africa at Night

  6. NigeriaOil and Poverty Nigeria is eighth-largest oil producer in the world… …but has to import gasoline, has widespread power outages and fuel shortages $ 500 billion of oil extracted since 1970 ≈ $ 400 billion “lost” since 1960 (EFCC)

  7. Parastatals • Corporate enterprises owned by the state and established to provide specific commercial and social welfare services such as water, power, telecommunications, ag commodity boards, parts, and oil • Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)

  8. NigeriaDangers of Oil Economic volatility (exports, incomes, budgets) Crowding out of non-mineral sectors (agriculture, manufacturing) Increasing inequality Inducing distributional conflict (rent-seeking, violence) Undermining democracy and governance (taxation, transparency, accountability)

  9. NigeriaDangers of Oil Economic volatility (exports, incomes, budgets) Crowding out of non-mineral sectors (agriculture, manufacturing) Increasing inequality Inducing distributional conflict (rent-seeking, violence) Undermining democracy and governance (taxation, transparency, accountability) “greed and grievance”

  10. Niger Delta Oil Fields Onshore fields Offshore fields

  11. Niger Delta at Night

  12. Gas Flares

  13. Nigeria- Conflicts Unemployment Environmental degradation (flaring, spillage) Resource contention Intra-/Inter-community conflict Protection rackets (private and public) Illegal oil bunkering and theft Kidnapping and hostage-taking

  14. Issues • Poverty – 70% live below poverty line • Large gap between rich and poor • Health issues – high rates of HIV/AIDS • Literacy – higher than for many nations in Africa but below world average • Urban/Rural Differences

  15. Prebendalism • Disbursing of public offices and state rents to one’s ethnic-based clients. • Prebendalism • deepened sectional cleavages • eroded the resources of the state • discouraged genuinely productive activity in civil society • expanded the class of individuals who live off state patronage • Transparency International lists Nigeria as one of the world’s most corrupt nations

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