GOFC-GOLD Fire: an International Program for the Coordination of Fire Observations

1. GOFC-GOLD Fire: an International Program for the Coordination of Fire Observations C. O. Justice University of Maryland, Department of Geography I. Csiszar NOAA/NESDIS, Center for Satellite Applications and Research J.G. Goldammer Global Fire Monitoring Center http://gofc-fire.umd.edu

2. Promote interaction between a number of major communities Remote Sensing and Operational R and D Fire Observing Systems - Experimental - Operational GOFC/GOLD Fire Fire Science Research and Global Change Research Operational Fire and Resource Management and Policy

3. Where are we trying to go? 1. Fire Monitoring • Secure the necessary Fire Observations to support science and applications – satellite and ground based • Global geostationary network – standard algorithms (characterized differences) – <1km spatial - 15 minute repeat – NRT delivery – active fire and FRP • Long term polar orbiting record AM/PM – global BA products – known accuracy – continuous record • International constellation of operational high resolution sensors providing 5 day cloud free global coverage • Periodic global mapping of vegetation structure - 10m? • Targeted rapid tasking of 3m-1m sensors or UAV’s providing disaster monitoring and post fire assessment • Free and open satellite data access and sharing • National ground based observation systems in place – open data sharing

4. Where are we trying to go? 2. Fire Management • Improved use of earth observations for NRM • Global early warning system in place complementing national EWS • Satellite fire data used for national fire monitoring as appropriate • Regional sharing of fire management resources – emergency response • Standardized national annual reporting w. known accuracy utilizing satellite assets where appropriate • Science to inform fire policies based on understanding of fire ecology and current resources at risk • Operational NRT Fire Emissions Modeling in place • Fire / Air Quality policies and monitoring systems in place • Public access to NRT information on fire risk and locations • Post fire assessment supported by satellite data leading to burned area recovery

5. Where are we trying to go? 3.Fire Science • Better understanding of fire, land use, ecosystem and climate feedbacks • Accurate estimation of regional/global fire annual emissions • Improved understanding of fire role in Carbon and Biogeochemical Cycles • Fire, Smoke, Cloud interactions further understood • Fire ecology informing fire policy and management at the local level • Integrated modeling of future fire trends based on improved climate, socio economics and policy scenarios • Etc

6. GOFC-GOLD Fire Implementation Team • Arino, Olivier – ESA, Italy • Badarinath, KVS – NRSA, India • Chuvieco, Emilio – U. Alcala, Spain • Csiszar, Ivan – NOAA, USA • DeGroot, Bill – CFS, Canada • Goldammer, Johann – Co-chair, GFMC, Germany • Grant, Allan - Australia • Justice, Chris – Co-chair, UMd, USA • Lorenz, Eckehard – DLR, Germany • Loupian, Evgeny – SRI, Russia • Lynham, Timothy – CFS, Canada • Sukhinin, Anatoly – SFI, Russia Regional Network Fire Coordinators (GOFC network coordinator – Olga Krankina) • South and Central America (REDLATIF) – Carlos DiBella, Argentina • SE Asia - Mastura Mahmud, Malaysia • Southern Africa (SAFNET) – Wisdom Dlamini, Philip Frost, Navashni Govender • West Africa (WARN) - Cheikh Mbow, Senegal • Northern Eurasia – Evgeny Loupian, Russia International Land Direct Readout Committee • Brian Schwind – USA, Rainer Ressl - Mexico, Craig Smith- Australia CEOS Land Product Validation Working Group – Fire Focus Leads • Kevin Tansey- UK, Luigi Boschetti – USA

7. GOFC-GOLD Fire websitegofc-fire.umd.edu

8. Fire Monitoring IT Goals & Activities • Spaceborne Assets • Global Geostationary Fire Network • Fire Monitoring with next generation Operational Polar Orbiters • High/Mod Resolution Data Continuity • Sensor Web Demonstration and Technology Development • Next Generation Fire Sensor Technologies • Data and Information Products • Regional / Global Burned Area Products • Burned Area Product Validation Protocol • Near real-time and regional fire emissions modeling • Global Fire Danger Rating SystemProposal • Multi-source fire information integration • Long Term Fire Data Records • Global Fire Assessment 2010Recent Areas for IT Emphasis • Data Distribution • Near Real Time Global Daily Active Fire Monitoring • Web based Fire and Imagery Distribution Systems • GeoNetcast Distribution • Capacity Building for Data Utilization • Fire Regional Networks – workshops and initiatives • Increased UN Fire Monitoring Capability

9. GOFC-GOLD Regional Fire Networks • Current GOFC-GOLD fire network initiatives– in partnership with the regional wildland fire networks • SAFNET- Southern Africa (http://safnet.umd.edu/) • SEARRIN - South East Asia (http://www.eoc.ukm.my/searrin/) • OSFAC - Central Africa (http://osfac.umd.edu/) • REDLATIF - Latin America (http://mob.conae.gov.ar/redlatif/) • NERIN – Northern Eurasia (http://www.fao.org/gtos/gofc-gold/net-NERIN.html) • Emerging Observation Networks • Australasia • Mediterranean • East Asia - (under discussion) • South Asia – (under discussion)

10. http://www.safnet.co.za/ http://www.fuego.org.ar/redlatif/index.html

11. Close Collaboration with

12. New Drivers for GOFC-GOLD Fire • Changing World-Changing Fire Regimes – Economies and Climate • IPCC Evolution Requiring New Science and Data Sets • WGs 1,2,3 – Agency Emphasis on Impacts, Adaptation, Mitigation • Changing Playing Field re. Satellite Observations • Catastrophic Fire/On-Going Disasters – fire and forest management • International Environmental Conventions: • UNFCC – observations needs • National Emissions Inventories and UN REDD • GCOS Implementation Plan: • Establish international standards for fire observations • Reliable methods for accuracy assessment • Develop and apply validation protocols • GEO & GEOSS work plan and tasks: • 2 tasks currently directly related to fire • Updated tasks in 2009-2011 work plan

13. GEOSS societal benefits and land cover Water Water resources / quality Land+water use pattern Climate Land change & GHG emis. Water+energy exchanges Weather Land–surface climate int. Vegetation characteristics Ecosystems Change environment cond. Services + accounting Energy Bio-energy/biomass Wind/hydro power assess. Agriculture Cultivation pattern+forestry Land degradations Health Land change / disease vectors / boundary cond. Biodiversity Ecosystem characteristics Habitats + fragmentation Disasters Fire monitoring Land degradation assess.

14. Fire Relevant GEO TasksGEO 2009-2011 Work Plans • DI-09-03b Implementation of a Fire Warning System at the Global Level • Develop a globally-coordinated warning system for fire, including improved prediction capabilities, analysis tools and response support through sensors, information products and risk assessment models. • CL-06-01c Key Climate Data from Satellite Systems • Establish actions securing the provision of key data for climate studies and forecasting from satellite systems.

15. GOFC-Fire Response to New Drivers International Coordination Initiatives • Global Fire Assessment 2010 • Global Fire Early Warning System w. UN ISDR • Global Geostationary Fire Network w. CEOS, GSICS • ECVs, Validation and Reporting Protocols w. CEOS LPV WG • REDD Sourcebook – Fire • Fire Data Continuity – VIIRS, Sentinel etc • Improving Data Access • FIRMS >FAO • GEONetcast Regional Access • Land Direct Broadcast Coordination Group (ILDRCG)

16. Global Fire Assessment 2010 • Science is documenting changing fire regimes and climate projections show further changes likely • Increased availability of validated global fire products means that a quantitative satellite-based Global Assessment now feasible (2000-2010) • Product would provide a baseline for monitoring fire regime changes and contribute to IPCC WG 2 • Product could complement the 2010 UN FRA as did the Global Fire Management Assessment 2006 (narrative) for the 2005 FRA • GOFC-GOLD Fire starting to coordinate the assessment with the regional fire networks • Thesaloniki Fire IT Meeting initial discussion • Need to develop appropriate data sets and metrics • Agree on National and regional reporting

17. Characterizing Global Fire - Metrics Season length from MODIS active fires (2000-2005) Giglio et al., 2006, JGR

18. Global Fire Early Warning System • Proposal initially submitted to and endorsed by UN Interagency Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN ISDR) in 2006 • Proposal presented at GOFC/WMO-Fire Risk Workshop in Edmonton in 2008 • Implementation strategy document under development by Bill DeGroot (NRCanada) and Johann Goldammer (GFMC) • Funding proposals being developed and floated (e.g. ITTO, June 2009)

19. Goal: Develop fire danger / susceptibility products Opportunities for partners to join the Global Early Warning System for Wildland Fire Coordinate with existing and upcoming systems of wildland fire early warning and monitoring http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/fwf/fwf.htm Development Phase

20. -160 -120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120 160 80 GOES-W GOES-E MSG COMS (116 or 128 E), MTSAT (140 E) 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 GOES-10 GOMS (76 E), INSAT (83 E), FY-2C (105 E) -80 Satellite View Angle 80° 65° Goal: Establish a geostationary global fire network Global Geostationary Active Fire Monitoring Capabilities partially implemented by NOAA

21. GTOS and Terrestrial ECVs Part of GEO Task CL-06-01

22. Progress towards Fire Disturbance ECV • GTOS (2008):Assessment of the Status of the Development of Standards for the Terrestrial ECVs – Fire disturbance (draft, 27 May 2009), GTOS-68 (in review) • Action T32 Reanalyze historical fire measurements from space (mod to low progress) • Action T33 Continuous fire measurements from space (good progress) • Action T34 Apply common validation protocols to fire measurements (mod to good progress) • Action T35 Fire products available worldwide (Mod to good progress) ECVs and associated activities need continuing refinement

23. ESA Climate Change InitiativeCreating ECVs • Phase 1: Scientific user consultation and detailed specifications (2009>) - establish formal consultation mechanisms with the climate science programmes, including setting up of the Climate Science Advisory Body - learn the lessons from analysis and assimilation of existing global data products - establish data access, Cal/Val and reprocessing requirements specific to ECVs - establish detailed data product, algorithm, and system performance specifications - initiate detailed requirements engineering and algorithm developments for ECVs - initiate data gathering and re-processing activities up to Level-1B/2 • Phase 2: Systems development and data products generation (2010>) - implement a series of high performance production systems for ECV generation - verify the correct implementation of selected retrieval algorithms and data models - initiate generation of large-scale long term ECV global data products - characterise & validate products before issue to the climate modelling community • Phase 3: Assessment, Assimilation and feedback (2011>) - Trends assessment of all data products generated - Comparison with independent sources including in-situ - Use for initialization and evaluation of climate models - Identification of anomalies, biases, discontinuities, and cal/val improvements

24. Validation and Reporting Protocols GOFC w. CEOS LPV • Requirement that CDRs/ECVs be validated – known accuracy • Need for international standards for validation, methods and results reporting • Shared validation data sets – reproduceable results • LPV Fire co leads – Luigi Boschetti/Kevin Tansey • Burned Area Protocol process completed • Active Fire (MODIS, GOES, VIIRS, MSG) next ? • FRP

25. International Land Direct Readout Committee(http://landdirectreadout.org/) • DB Land Advisory Group co-chaired by USFS, Geoscience Australia and CONABIO to advise on 'community' algorithms  • Increasing involvement and promoting regional networking of DB stations - following the Sentinel Asia Model • Initial focus on MODIS>VIIRS Direct Readout • Formalize the Land DR link to IPO VIIRS Algorithm Division, International Polar Orbiting Processing Package (IPOPP) • Ensure continuity of MODIS DB Land algorithms with VIIRS (some VIIRS algorithms are already SPAs; integrate into IPOPP) • Develop new MODIS and VIIRS DB Land algorithms as desired by the DB community • NASA Direct Readout Lab (DRL) will be the portal for EOS/NPP VIIRS (IPOPP) • Establish a Land DR Advisory Group to the IPOPP • Create a regional data product sharing via a data DB web Geoportal (clearinghouse); Links to information and data

26. FIRE and REDD • GOFC- Fire has been promoting international coordination re. a Fire Emissions Product Suite • GOFC-GOLD Sourcebook - Fire Chapter being developed following Jena Workshop (Boschetti, Stressa et al). • Satellite fire data being used in some national emissions inventories • Area burned, Fuel load and condition, Fire severity etc • Focus on satellite fire monitoring methods • Active fires, burned area (FRP experimental) • Future expansion to EWS? • Sourcebook is a working document • Current REDD focus on forests but FAO 10% defn…. • Political aspects of REDD still evolving • Fire REDD implementation issues will need working e.g. • Fire exclusion not an option in some ecosystems ! • Good fire management by early season savanna burning results in higher emissions • Fire management can help reduce stand replacement fires but how would this be proven on a project level (anthropogenic vs. natural?) • Temporal aspects will be critical – extreme events El Nino

27. Additional New Initiatives for GOFC-FIRE to Consider • Continuity Products and Access from New and Next -Generation Sensors GOES, VIIRS, Sentinels, China?, India? • Long-Term Satellite Fire Data Records • AVHRR Global 1km Re-analysis • International Coordination of ECVs • Community consensus products ??? • Duplication of effort – competing products • At a minimum shared validation data sets (CEOS LPV) • International Landsat-class Data Acquisition Coordination > increased coverage frequency • Advise on REDD Fire Implementation issues • New GOFC Fire IT Leads – changing of the guard

28. Recent and upcoming meetings • International EOS/NPP Direct Readout Meeting • 3/31/2008 - 4/4/2008  Bangkok, Thailand • International Workshop on Advances in Operational Weather Systems for Fire Danger Rating • 7/14/2008 - 7/16/2008  Edmonton, Canada • 7th SAFNet workshop • 9/22/2008 - 9/26/2008  Caprivi, Namibia • 14th Australasian R. S. and P. Conference • 9/29/2008 - 10/3/2008  Darwin, AustraliaFire Remote Sensing • Redlatif Workshop • 10/22/2008 – 10/24/2008 Buenos Aires, Argentina • 7th International Workshop of the  EARSeL Special Interest Group on Forest Fires • 9/2/2009 – 9/5/2009, Matera, Italy • Monitoring land cover, land use and fire in agricultural and semi-arid regions of Northern Eurasia (NASA LCLUC, GOFC, MAIRS) • 9/15/2009 – 9/20/2009, Almaty, Kazakhstan • EUMETSAT Training Workshop “MSG Land Surface Applications: Drought & Fires” • 9/7/2009 – 9/10/2009, Sofia, Bulgaria

29. Continuing Challenges for GOFC-GOLD Fire • Resources for Regional Networks – UN ? • Funding and implementation plan for EWS - ? • Support for the International Global Fire Assessment • Help users understand the different products • Product inter-comparison and regional joint validation initiatives via the GOFC / UN Fire Networks • Putting Fire higher on the agency observation priorities • Ensuring continued support for GOFC-GOLD Fire related activities – need a fire project office? • A Global Fire Monitoring System of Systems !?*!?