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Exploring Race in Geographies: A Critical Analysis

This study delves into how race is a constructed concept in the spatial realm and vice versa, tackling issues like the definition of race, impact of segregation, and refuting theories like "The Bell Curve." The apartheid era is examined as a case study for understanding how state-sanctioned segregations influenced the development of race and space. Key topics covered include racial distinctions as social constructs, IQ test score differences discussion, and the spatial strategies of apartheid on personal, urban, and national scales. By analyzing historical data and modern infographics, this research offers an insightful perspective on the geographies of race.

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Exploring Race in Geographies: A Critical Analysis

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  1. Questions from Will 1. Do you agree with Mitchell's idea that "[r]ace is constructed in and through space, just as space is often constructed through race."? Why or why not? 2. What is race? How do we identify and categorize race? 3. Is race a key factor in people's fear of people with different phenotypes? 4. What are your reactions to The Bell Curve? Do you agree with Mitchell's view that The Bell Curve is flawed? Why or why not? 5. What are the purposes of segregation? 6. How did the apartheid (Jim Crow, or any other forms of state sanctioned segregations) impact the development of space and race?

  2. GEOG347: Geographies of Race "Race is constructed in and through space, just as space is often constructed through race"

  3. Mitchell Ch. 9: Geographies of Race 1. Defining race 2. Refuting 'The Bell Curve" 3. Apartheid and the geography of race

  4. Mitchell Ch. 9: Defining Race • Race as a social construction/ no such biological thing as race • Jared Diamond (1994) "little regularity of co-variation of particular traits within and across populations" • Diamond- • "material conditions of society go a long way in explaining the need for racial distinction" • Race as justification for colonialism, slavery

  5. Mitchell Ch. 9: Refuting "Bell Curve" • Murray and Hernstein (1994) racial differences in IQ test scores based on genetics • Mitchell argues for environmental factors- noting overall increase in scores with increasing education historically • Stephen Jay Gould- example of height and nutrition; adoption; no difference between Germans fathered by black and white US soldiers; is intelligence "one thing" ("Curveball" 1994)

  6. Mitchell Ch. 9: Apartheid's Geography • Race "made real on the ground" through spatial strategies • Three scales of apartheid: personal, urban, national

  7. Mitchell Ch. 9: Apartheid- Personal

  8. Mitchell Ch. 9: Apartheid- Urban

  9. Mitchell Ch. 9: Apartheid- National

  10. Mitchell Ch. 9: Apartheid- National

  11. Detroit 2010 http://www.fastcodesign.com/1662328/infographics-of-the-day-how-segregated-is-your-city

  12. % White in NYC, 1920 socialexplorer.com

  13. % White in NYC, 1940

  14. % White in NYC, 1960

  15. % White in NYC, 1980

  16. % White in NYC, 1980

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