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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. The Nervous System. Homeostasis. Figure 4.1 Every neuron has four regions: cell body, dendrites, axon, presynaptic terminals. Neurotransmission. All nervous systems consist of specialized nerve cells called neurons Neurons are responsible for receiving and sending information

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 The Nervous System

  2. Homeostasis

  3. Figure 4.1 Every neuron has four regions: cell body, dendrites, axon, presynaptic terminals.

  4. Neurotransmission • All nervous systems consist of specialized nerve cells called neurons • Neurons are responsible for receiving and sending information • Sending and receiving information is a highly specialized, precise and very rapid

  5. Neurotransmission • The receiving region of the neuron is affected by a chemical message that either excites or inhibits • If the message is excitatory, an impulse moves from the receiving region of the neuron down the axon to the sending region, the terminal, and chemical messengers, neurotransmitters, are released

  6. The Nervous Systems • Somatic Nervous System • Sensory information • Voluntary actions • The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) • Sympathetic • Parasympathetic • The Central Nervous System • The Brain • Chemical Pathways

  7. Figure 4.3

  8. Figure 4.4

  9. Neurotransmitter type of effect CNS changes drugs of abuse dopamine GABA serotonin acetylcholine endorphins inhibitory- excitatory inhibitory inhibitory excitatory- inhibitory inhibitory euphoria agitation paranoia sedation relaxation drowsiness depression sleep relaxation sedation mild euphoria excitation insomnia mild euphoria block pain slow respiration amphetamines, cocaine alcohol, Valium-type barbiturates LSD tobacco, nicotine narcotics Common Neurotransmitters

  10. Figure 4.5

  11. Figure 4.6 Schematic representation of the action of a synthetic enzyme. A precursor molecule and another chemical fragment both bind to the enzyme. The fragment has a tendency to connect with the precursor, but the connection is made much more likely because of the way the enzyme lines up to the two parts. After the connection is made, the new transmitter molecule separates from the enzyme.

  12. Figure 4.7

  13. Figure 4.8 Schematic representation of the action of a metabolic enzyme. The transmitter molecule binds to the enzyme is such a way that the transmitter molecule is distorted and “pulled apart”. The fragments then separate from the enzyme.

  14. Chemical Theories of Behavior The Chinese made the yin and the yang.

  15. Brain Imaging Techniques • PET-Position Emission Tomography • MRI- Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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