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Urbanization and Working Conditions in Industrial Revolution

Explore the shift to urban lifestyle, growth of cities, poor living conditions, child labor, Social Darwinism, and working conditions in the Industrial Revolution. Learn about technological advancements and economic disparities.

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Urbanization and Working Conditions in Industrial Revolution

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  1. College Notes UNIT 3 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

  2. The Industrial Revolution was… A Shift from an Agricultural to an Industrial society.

  3. Agricultural Industrial

  4. CAUSE #1: Growing Urban Population Two factors that contributed to a growing Urban population were: • Immigration from Southern & Eastern Europe • Rural-to-urban migration = cheap labor for factory work

  5. What area did most immigrants come from after 1800?

  6. Rural to Urban Migration

  7. Cities Grew Rapidly • 1. Near raw materials (Northeast) • 2.Near Industrial areas • 3. Near transportation routes • 4. Near opportunities in the job market • 5. Near access to seaports But There were Terrible Conditions in the Cities • Poor sanitation and living conditions • Tenement apartments • Sweathouses

  8. Expansion of Cities • Railroads linked towns that were formerly isolated. • Cities specialized in products that they could sell in order to make money. • Inventions such as electric streetcars, suburban railroads or skyscrapers met the new needs of the cities.

  9. Urban Living Conditions

  10. GhettosMulberry Bend, New York, Jacob Riis • Urban neighborhoods dominated by one ethnic or racial group of immigrants were called ghettos. • Some ghettos formed because immigrants felt more comfortable living near people with the same language and traditions.

  11. Working Families • In the 1880s, children made up more than 5 percentof the industrial labor force. • Children often left school at the age of 12 or 13 to work. • Girls sometimes took factory jobs so that their brothers could stay in school. • If an adult became too ill to work, children as young as 6 or 7 had to work. • Rarely did the government provide public assistance, and unemployment insurance didn’t exist. • The theory of Social Darwinism held that poverty resulted from personal weakness. • People had no choice but to work for a small hourly wage- “wage slavery”

  12. THE CONDITIONS OF WORKERS AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY GENERAL WORKING CONDITIONS • 12 or more hours / 6 days a week • 4000 hours a year (about 2000 today) • No vacation or sick leave • No unemployment compensation • No reimbursement for injuries

  13. THE CONDITIONS OF WORKERS AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY WAGES (Payment) = Concentration of wealth in the hands of a few industrialists! • So low that all members of the family worked • Child--$0.27 a day for 14 hours ($5 today) • Woman--$269 a year ($4,500 today) • Men--$498 a year ($8,330 today) • Carnegie (a steel monopoly owner)--$23 million a year ($425 million today)

  14. THE CONDITIONS OF WORKERS AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY GENERAL FACTORY CONDITIONS • Dirty and poorly ventilated • Poorly lit and never heated or cooled • Dangerous and faulty equipment • Repetitive and mind numbing work • made accidents common

  15. Examine the following photos closely. How do these photos show the problems with working conditions during the Second Industrial Revolution 1865-1920? Why do you think they were taken?

  16. Child Labor-Some of the Helpers in a Georgia Cotton Mill

  17. Child Coal Miners

  18. Status Change Take 2 minutes to stretch and get ready to discuss the second cause of the Industrial Revolution

  19. CAUSE #2 – Advances in Technology and Innovations 1869 – completion of the transcontinental railroad

  20. CAUSE #2 – Advances in Technology and Innovations • Samuel F. B. Morse invented the TELEGRAPH • Developed in 1838 with code • First message sent in 1844

  21. CAUSE #2 – Advances in Technology and Innovations 1856-Bessemer Process Turning IRON INTO -> STEEL Taking the impurities out of the iron and turning it into steel

  22. CAUSE #2 – Advances in Technology and Innovations • 1876- Alexander Graham Bell developed the Telephone

  23. CAUSE #2 – Advances in Technology and Innovations • 1880- Thomas Edison developed the light bulb

  24. CAUSE #3: Abundance of Natural Resources • The United States had a large amount of oil, iron, and coal, which were profitable resources that generated (created) a lot of money.

  25. Exit-Ticket • Please complete the multiple choice questions on the worksheet individually! • Use the side of the paper with notes to help you answer the questions.

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