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Introduction to Nanotechnology

Introduction to Nanotechnology. Mark Tuominen Professor of Physics UMass Amherst. Nanotechnology. What, How, Why?. Nanotechnology. The biggest science initiative since the Apollo program. Nanotechnology.

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Introduction to Nanotechnology

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  1. Introduction to Nanotechnology Mark Tuominen Professor of Physics UMass Amherst

  2. Nanotechnology What, How, Why?

  3. Nanotechnology The biggest science initiative since the Apollo program

  4. Nanotechnology Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. 1 nanometer = 1 billionth of a meter = 1 x 10-9 m nano.gov

  5. Single Hair Width = 0.1 mm How small are nanostructures? = 100 micrometers = 100,000 nanometers !

  6. DNA 6,000 nanometers 3 nanometers 10 nm objects made by guided self-assembly Smaller still Hair . 100,000 nanometers

  7. Nanotechnology Is it a truly a new field? Is it all hype?

  8. 20 GB 40 GB 10 GB 2001 2002 2004 Hard drive Magnetic data storage 80 GB 160 GB 2006 2007 Example: Data storage capacity of the iPod Uses nanotechnology!

  9. Hard Disk Drives - a home for bits Hitachi

  10. “Read” Head Signal 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 _ _ “Bits” of information Magnetic Data Storage A computer hard drive stores your data magnetically “Write” Head current S N Disk N S direction of disk motion

  11. coil Perpendicular Write Head Granular Media Soft Magnetic UnderLayer (SUL) • CHM Goal: Make "perfect" media using self-assembled nano-templates • Also, making new designs for storage Improving Magnetic Data Storage Technology • The UMass Amherst Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing is working to improve this technology 1 bit Y. Sonobe, et al., JMMM (2006)

  12. Nanotechnology Is it truly a new field? Is it all hype?

  13. Perspective Since the 1980's electronics has been a leading commercial driver for nanotechnology R&D, but other areas (materials, biotech, energy, etc) are of significant and growing importance. Some nanotechnology has been around for a very long time already: • Stained glass windows (Venice, Italy) - gold nanoparticles • Photographic film - silver nanoparticles • Tires - carbon black nanoparticles • Catalytic converters - nanoscale coatings of platinum and palladium

  14. nano.gov "Biggest science initiative since the Apollo program"

  15. NSF Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing A Center on Nanomanufacturing at UMass Research Education Outreach

  16. Lithography • Deposition • Etching • Machining • Chemical • Self-Assembly Making Nanostructures: Nanomanufacturing "Top down" versus "bottom up" methods

  17. spin coating apply spin bake spin on resist resist expose unexposed exposed mask (reticle) "scission" develop deposit liftoff narrow line process recipe substrate Photolithography for Deposition

  18. Lithography Patterned Several Times IBM Copper Wiring On a Computer Chip

  19. Self Assembly

  20. An Early Nanotechnologist?

  21. Excerpt from Letter of Benjamin Franklin to William Brownrigg (Nov. 7, 1773) ...At length being at Clapham, where there is, on the Common, a large Pond ... I fetched out a Cruet of Oil, and dropt a little of it on the Water. I saw it spread itself with surprising Swiftness upon the Surface ... the Oil tho' not more than a Tea Spoonful ... which spread amazingly, and extended itself gradually till it reached the Lee Side, making all that Quarter of the Pond, perhaps half an Acre, as smooth as a Looking Glass.... A nanofilm!

  22. Quantum Dots by Chemical Synthesis (reverse-micelle method) "Synthesis and Characterization of Nearly Monodisperse CdE (E = S, Se, Te) Semiconductor Nanocrystallites," C. Murray, D. Norris, and M. Bawendi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 8706 (1993)

  23. ~10 nm SELF ASSEMBLY with DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS Block “B” Block “A” PS PMMA Scale set by molecular size Ordered Phases 10% A 30% A 50% A 70% A 90% A

  24. Deposition Template Etching Mask Nanoporous Membrane CORE CONCEPT FOR NANOFABRICATION (physical or electrochemical) Remove polymer block within cylinders (expose and develop) Versatile, self-assembling, nanoscale lithographic system

  25. Nanomagnets in a Self-Assembled Polymer Mask nanoporous template 1x1012 magnets/in2 Data Storage... ...and More

  26. Why do we want to make things at the nanoscale? • To make better products: smaller, cheaper, faster and more effective. (Electronics, catalysts, water purification, solar cells, coatings, medical diagnostics & therapy, and more) • To introduce completely new physical phenomena to science and technology. (Quantum behavior and other effects.) For a sustainable future!

  27. Solar Cells Benefit: Sun is an unlimited source of electronic energy. Konarka

  28. Perhaps the most important result of the Nanotechnology Initiative so far: "The Medici Effect" • Physics • Chemistry • Biology • Materials Science • Polymer Science • Electrical Engineering • Chemical Engineering • Mechanical Engineering • Medicine • And others • Electronics • Materials • Health/Biotech • Chemical • Environmental • Energy • Food • Aerospace • Automotive • Security • Forest products

  29. Students & Nanotechnology- A Field for People Who Want to Solve Technological Challenges Facing Societies Across the World

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