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Delve into the specialization of social psychology and interdisciplinary nature of group dynamics, uncovering the inevitable importance and powerful impact of groups in society. Learn about group functioning and develop skills as both a member and assessor to navigate the complexities of group interactions effectively. Enhance your understanding of groups to achieve better outcomes in various contexts.
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Group Dynamics • STUDY OF GROUPS & HOW THEY FUNCTION • Specialization of Social Psychology • Interdisciplinary • CLASS GOALS • Learn About Group Functioning • Develop Skill as Member & Assessor
Importance of Groups • Are Inevitable and Ubiquitous • Common, Time W/ Others • Mobilize Powerful Forces • Identity • May Cause Good or Bad Effects • An Understanding of Groups Can Lead to Better Outcomes
GROUP: • Two or more people interacting and exerting mutual influence.
Degree of Groupness • Reference Group • Development of Structure (norms, roles, status, etc.) • Continued Interaction (motivation) • Initial Interaction • Anomie, Isolation
Broad Theoretical Approaches • Psychoanalytic • Social Identity Theory • Social Exchange Theory • Systems Theory
Broad Theoretical Approaches • Anthropology • Psychoanalytic Theory • Social Identity Theory • Social Exchange Theory • Systems Theory
Psychodynamic Approaches • Freud Replacement for Family Security identification (leader becomes ego ideal) transference (parent-child bond to group leader) • Schutz FIRO • Inclusion (belongingness, interaction) • Control (power, influence, dominance) • Affection (emotional bonds, openness)
FIRO: Need Compatibility • Interchange Compatibility: agreement on the level of inclusion, control, or affection (softball team, dating couple) • Originator Compatibility: people who wish to originate (express) inclusion, control, or affection must be complemented by those wishing to receive. (dominant & submissive)
Social Identity Theory • Personal Identity and Social Identity • Social Identity • Roles, Group Memberships, Category Memberships, Relations • Identification,Self-Worth, In-Group vs Outgroup
EXCHANGE THEORY • OUTCOME LEVEL (OL) OL = Rewards - Costs • COMPARISON LEVEL (CL) Subjective standard • COMPARISON LEVLE OF ALTERNATIVES (CLALT) CL of Next-Best Alternative
EXHANGE THEORY • OL > CL Satisfied with the groupOL < CL Dissatisfied with the group • OL > CLALTRemain in the groupOL < CLALTLeave the group
SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY ABOVE CL BELOW CL ABOVE CLALT SATISFIED DISSATISFIED STAYSTAY BELOW CLALT SATISFIED DISSATISFIED LEAVE LEAVE
Reasons for Group Formation (Types of Rewards) • Members:(social club, friends) • Group Activities:(bridge club, bowling league, band) • Group Goals:(political gp., religious gp., historical society, military) • Reasons Outside the Group: attraction to persons (find dates) or goals (prestige, improve business) outside the group
Methods of Group Formation • Deliberate Formation: to accomplish some purpose or to reach some goal (business, consumer gp, political gp, class) • Spontaneous Formation: members begin to enjoy associating together (friendship gp) • Involuntary Membership: forced to associate together (prison, housing assignments)
Systems Approach Individual Factors • Input Process Output Performance Outcomes Group Process Group Factors Other Outcomes Environment Factors