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Explore the influences of stratocumulus regime, trade wind regime, and Indo/Pacific warm pool on thunderstorm formation. Learn about West African squall lines, global lightning occurrences, and key atmospheric dynamics. Discover insights from historical soundings and hypotheses like the "Hot Tower" theory.
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Indo/Pacific Warm Pool Can’t generate large buoyancy
West African Squall Line Can generate huge buoyancy
Global Lightning Occurrence Many deep Cb over tropical oceans have extensive glaciated anvils but do NOT exhibit lightning & thunder. Christian et al. 2002
Jordan’s (1958) mean sounding for the West Indies Similar to West Pacific Plot from Montgomery et al. 2006
Hurricane Erin (2001) Halverson et al.
Hurricane Soundings and Jordan Sounding Sheets 1969
“Hot Tower” Hypothesis Riehl & Malkus 1958
Average Oklahoma Tornado Sounding Fawbush and Miller 1951
Development of an Oklahoma Tornado Sounding Cools Moist Adiabat Warms Lifting removes the negative area Newton 1963