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Bacteria Staining Techniques and Identification Guide

Learn techniques to identify bacteria strains like K. pneumoniae, B. cereus, M. smegmatis, and S. aureus through Gram, capsule, endospore, acid-fast stains. Understand characteristics, morphology, and diseases caused.

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Bacteria Staining Techniques and Identification Guide

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  1. Lab 3 Continuation of Stains

  2. Gram Unknown • Each student gets one unknown tube of bacteria • Gram stain and record • Your name • Unknown number • Gram reaction (positive or negative) • Morphology • Arrangement

  3. Capsule Stain • Another negative stain • Use K. pneumoniae • Pg 96

  4. Endospore Stain • An endospore is a dormant form of a bacteria. • If a bacteria is capable of producing endospores, it does so when environmental conditions are poor • Steam is used to help stain penetrate the cell wall • Stain B. cereus using procedure on page 99.

  5. Acid-fast Stain • Takes advantage of mycolic acid in the cell wall of slow growing mycobacterium • Use M. smegmatis and S. aureus on the same slide using Ziehl-Neelsen method (pg 93)

  6. Klebsiella pneumoniae • Gram Negative • Non-motile • Rod shaped – bacilli • Enterobacteria • Causes Klebsiella pneumonia and urinary tract infections • Pneumonia often found in alcoholics and UTI in older people

  7. Bacillus Cereus • Gram Positive • Rod shaped – bacilli • Can produce endospores • Can cause foodborne illnesses • Diarrheal type syndrome • Emetic (vomiting) type syndrome • Can cause skin infections that are difficult to eradicate • Can cause keratitis (inflammation of cornea)

  8. Mycobacterium Smegmatis • Acid-fast bacteria • Mostly considered a non-pathogenic organism • Named for a similar organisms found in smegma (genital secretions)

  9. Staphylococcus aureus • Gram-positive • Spherical – cocci • “the golden cluster seed” • Most common form of staph infections • Frequently part of skin flora found in the nose and on the skin • 20% of population are long-term carriers

  10. Causes: Minor skin infections such as pimples Impetigo Boils Cellulitis folliculitis Furuncles Carbuncles Scalded skin syndrome Abcesses Staphylococcus aureus – cont. • Pneumonia • Meningitis • Osteomyelitis • Endocarditis • Toxic shock syndrome • Septicemia • Post-surgical wound infections

  11. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus • MRSA • Endemic in hospitals • Spread by human – to – human contact • Resistant to penicillin • Must be treated by specialized antibiotics

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