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Non-experimental Quantitative Research Designs (NEQDs). What Are They?. A research design in which the researcher measures or observes subjects or variables without attempting to introduce a treatment. How Could I Use NEQDs for Program Evaluation ?.
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What Are They? • A research design in which the researcher measures or observes subjects or variables without attempting to introduce a treatment.
How Could I Use NEQDs for Program Evaluation? • Explore the relationship(s) between two or more variables or elements of a program. • Use the knowledge of two correlated variables to inform practice or program revisions and implementation. • NEQDs can require the usage of an underling theory to explain or interpret correlations. • Control variables are then employed to further rule out the effects of extraneous variables on the variables that a theory may have causally linked.
Examples (Simple Regression) +0.68 +0.75 +0.52 +0.33
Examples (Multiple Regression) +0.12 +0.78
Examples (Multiple Regression) .55 .12
What if We Want More? What tools are available to analyze systems with multiple (and possible causal) relationships?
Advantages • Allows for: • the study of independent variables over which the research cannot have any control. • the manipulation of variables in theory that cannot often be manipulated in practice. • the study of variables as they exist.
Disadvantages • Determining causality and/or the direction of causality. • Mutual causality • Selection bias • Spurious Correlations