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New World Beginnings Chapter 1

New World Beginnings Chapter 1. Earth's : originally a single continent with App. Mt . forming during this time . Origin split slowly occurs. N Am: Rockies, Sierra Nevada, and Cascades formed later; N Am held together - Canadian Shield.

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New World Beginnings Chapter 1

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  1. New World BeginningsChapter 1

  2. Earth's: originally a single continent with App. Mt. forming during this time. Originsplit slowly occurs

  3. N Am: Rockies, Sierra Nevada, and Cascades formed later; N Am held together - Canadian Shield

  4. Ice Age: water freezes, water level goes down exposing land bridge between Eurasia & N Am.

  5. Early Am: came from Asia (Native Am Indians) * relied on corn/maize * 3 sister farming: corn, beans, squash * loosely defined tribes w/ substantial authority given to women

  6. Indirect Discoverers: NorseScandinavians - Newfoundland; perished

  7. 1000-1300 AD Crusades or Holy Warstook place b/w the Muslims and Christians Moors(Muslims) invaded Spain which was a Christian country.

  8. Marco Polo(1295) returns from the Far East News of riches in Far East: silk - soft vs. wool’s rough & smell drugs – opium perfumes - hide body odor tapestry - adorn walls of castles e. spices - especially sugar - used to preserve and flavor foods.

  9. Marco Polo obtained & carried items overland through Muslim’s territory who charged toll. This made the end price expensive (only royalty could afford & Muslims wealthy)

  10. Europeans- can’t sail south along coast of Africa & return against prevailing winds. 1450 - caravelinvented - ship that could sail closer to the wind. Impact - exposed to Africa’s gold and slave trade.

  11. Africans/Arabs - flesh markets increase $ if slave was from distant land (slave less likely to be rescued/escape--didn’t know language/terrain. Indirect impact: fosters extension of regional African culture & tribal identities. Over 28 Million Africans have been enslaved over the Muslim world over the past 14 centuries

  12. Portuguese: Est. sugar plantations on various islands off coast of Africa Created demand for slave labor. Explorers:BartholomeuDiaz(1488) - explored & rounded horn of Africa. Vasco da Gama(1498) - explored east coast of Africa to India.

  13. Age of Renaissance: (exploration flourished) a. compass invented - better maps using concept of lat. & long. b. printing press invented – better communication

  14. c. improvements in naval architecture – Prince Henry “the Navigator” of Portugal - hull of ships got bigger - carry more supplies/water.

  15. Spain: Marriage of Ferdinand(Aragon) and Isabella(Castile): Created single national state when the Moors/Muslim were expelled from the Iberian Peninsula

  16. Columbus(Ita) - contracted with Isabella to find alternate route to the Far East: a. Admiral b. land claimed for Spain c. Columbus gets to keep 10% d. 100 soldiers (stake claim) e. 3 ships (Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria) Sails west, sites land October 12, 1492 (San Salvador/Bahamas)

  17. Stage is Now Set: Europe- markets, capital, and technology Africa- slave labor N Am - raw materials (precious metals & soil for sugar cultivation)

  18. Colombian Exchangesee chart p. 15 Old World Offered: animals (cattle, swine, horse) seeds (bluegrass, dandelion, daisies) disease (small pox, malaria, yellow fever) New World Offered: animals (buffalo, iguana, rattlesnakes) plants (tobacco, corn, beans, tomatoes, potatoes) disease (syphilis) raw materials

  19. New World Divided - Treaty of Tordesaillas(1494) - divides New World in a civilized manner - Pope draws line.

  20. Spanish Conquistadors: (7 original) 1513 - Vasco Balboa - Panama; Pacific Ocean 1513/21 - Juan Ponce de Leon - Florida; myth of fountain of youth 1519 - Ferdinand Magellan - Straits of Magellan S Am.; credit for sailing 1st around the world

  21. - Hernan Cortes - Mexico/Aztecs; fights Montezuma; known for creating mestizos(1/2 Indian; 1/2 European) 1532 - Francisco Pizarro - Peru/Incas

  22. 1539/42-Hernandez de Soto - Florida, Mississippi & Ark Rivers 1540/42- Francisco Coronado - TX/Arizona/NM/Kansas & discovered the Grand Canyon/Colo. River

  23. Black Legend- false concept that all conquers: a. tortured b. butchered (killing for Christ) c. stole gold d. spread disease e. left only misery behind.

  24. Reality of the Black Legend: a. some of the above legend was done b. erected colossal empire (CA to Fla. south to Tierra del Fuego) c. blended culture, laws, religion and language.

  25. 1542 - Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo - CA coastline • - Established fort at St. Augustine, Fla. to keep French from settling in the area 1598- Don Juan de Onate - abused Pueblos/NM 1769 -Father Junipero Serra - San Diego; set up 21 chain missions along CA coast

  26. English Explorer: 1497/98- Giovanni Caboto(John Cabot) - NE coast of N Am (sailed north)

  27. French Explorers: 1524 - Giovanni de Verrazano - East coast of N Am. 1534 - Jacques Cartier - St. Lawrence River 1680s-Robert de la Salle - down Miss River

  28. Looking Back: • Earth was formed as a single continent • Early Americans relied on 3-sister farming • European Influence: Norse, Crusades, Renaissance – Inventions & Columbus • Explorers of the New World Spanish Conquistadores English French

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