Immigration in the 1800s

1. Immigration in the 1800s February 21, 2014

2. February 21, 2014 Materials Homework • NB • Pencil • Homework • Paragraph 1 why did people in the 1800s immigrate to the United States? • Paragraph 2: How were immigrants treated/perceived in the 1800s? How does this compare to the experiences of immigrants today? • Paragraph 3: What advice would you give to the government about immigration?

3. Do Now: 10 minutes • Complete your last Erie Canal Station.

4. February 21, 2014 Standard Objective • 8.6.3 List the reasons for the wave of immigration from Northern Europe to the United • States and describe the growth in the number, size, and spatial arrangements of cities • (e.g., Irish immigrants and the Great Irish Famine). • SWBAT compare reasons for immigration in the 1800s by completing stations activities.

5. Discuss with your partner Statute of Liberty quote: Partner Discussion: • “Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed, to me: I lift my lamp beside the golden door.” Question 1: What do you think this quote means? Question 2: Do you feel that the sentiment of this quote still applies today? Why or why not?

6. Station 1 In your NB: Tree Map • Identify each country on the map, tape it into your NB. • Bullet point the living conditions of each country • Identify why people were immigrating to the United States. Waves of Immigration Germany Ireland Netherlands

7. Germany

8. Ireland

9. The Netherlands

10. Station 2: Where would you go? Why? 1 paragraph in your NB North (region of the U.S.) South (region of the U.S)

11. South • Agrarian: a person who favors an agricultural way of life.

12. South • Plantation: a large area of privately owned land where crops were grown through the labor of slaves.

13. Transportation in the South • Continued to use rivers. • 1860 the South had 10,000 miles of rail.

14. Society of the South • In 1860 wealth was measured by land and slaves. • Rich plantation ownerswhite farmers  workers  African Americans and slaves • Rich males went to college: Rich women were raised to be wives and hostesses. • The majority of white farmers worked their own land.

15. Society of the North • 1860: 7/10 Northerners still lived on farms. • Cities were growing in population. • Cities lacked sewers and paved streetsdisease would spread quickly. • There was in increate in jobs due to more factories.

16. Transportation in the North • Roads: 1806 construction of a National Road across the Appalachian Mountains. • Ships/Canals: 1817 New York created a 363 mile canal from the Hudson River to Lake Erie. • Clipper Ships: Introduced in the 1840s; used for overseas travel. • Rail: Steam powered locomotives. By 1860 +20,000 miles of rail connected northern factories.

17. Economy of the South • Based on agriculture. • Cash crops: tobacco, rice, sugarcane, indigo. • 1790s cotton became the main crop, because the cotton gin was invented. • By 1860 cotton became the most important crop in the South. • Ownership of slaves grew from 500,000 to 3 million

18. Economy of the North • Based on factories. • Ex. Lowell System • 1830s inventors were using steam engines to power machinery. • New machinery and production methods = wealth.

19. Station 3: Treatment of Immigrant • Look at the pictures posted. • Based on these pictures describe in 1 paragraph how immigrants were treated/perceived in the United States in the 1800s.

25. Station 4: Video Clip • Watch the video clip and take down 5 bullet points in your NB.

26. Homework: In your NB • Paragraph 1 why did people in the 1800s immigrate to the United States? • Paragraph 2: how does this compare to the experiences of immigrants today? • Paragraph 3: What advice would you give to the government about immigration?