The War for Europe and North Africa

1. The War for Europe and North Africa The United States in World War II #2

2. I. The United States and Britain Join Forces • A. The Battle of the Atlantic • 1. In response to the German Wolfpacks the Allies began to use the Convoy System. • 2. These convoys were equipped with sonar and airplanes to find German U-boats. • 3. The Americans built 140 ships a month.

5. II. The Eastern Front and the Mediterranean • A. The Battle of Stalingrad • 1. Hitler was determined to wipe out Stalingrad, a major industrial center. • 2. Hitler, overconfident ordered the German army into Stalingrad and too fight to the death. • 3. Winter set in and Soviet troops surrounded the Germans and after 6 months of fighting the remnants of the German army surrendered.

10. B. The North African Front • 1. Operation torch under Dwight D. Eisenhower fought the German Afrika Corps under General Erwin Rommel, the Desert Fox. • 2. After months of heavy fighting the Germans surrendered in May 1943.

16. C. The Italian Campaign • 1. After victory in North Africa Churchill and FDR invaded Europe through Italy. • 2. The campaign got off to a good start with the capture of Sicily, and Mussolini was stripped of his power. • 3. Hitler did not give up Italy without a fight and after bloody fighting at “bloody Anzio” left 25,000 Allied troops dead and 30,000 Axis troops.

17. Tuskegee Airmen

18. 100th Battalion Hawaiian Nisei

19. Anzio

20. III. The Allies Liberate Europe • A. D-Day • 1. The largest land-sea operation in history. • 2. Codename Operation Overlord. • 3. June 6, 1944 • 4. Even though the bulk of the German army was not in Normandy, the Germans put up heavy resistance, but the Allies held the beachheads. • 5. Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, Sword

24. B. The Allies Gain Ground • 1. The Within a month after D-Day the Allies landed 567,000 tons of supplies, a million troops, and 170,000 vehicles in France. • 2. General Omar Bradley led a massive land and aerial bombardment of St. Lo providing a gap in which General George Patton could advance. • 3. On August 25, 1944 the Allies liberated Paris. • 4. As a result FDR was elected to a 4th term.

28. C. Battle of the Bulge • 1. In October 1944 Hitler launched a last ditch offensive to secure the Belgian port Antwerp. • 2. His army broke through weak American defenes and drove 60 miles into Allied territory. • 3. However, the Allies finally held after a month of fighting and Hitler lost 120,000 troops, 600 tanks, and 1,600 planes which they could not replace and spend the remainder of the war on retreat.

31. C. Unconditional Surrender • 1. On April 29, 1945 Hitler committed suicide along with his bride Eva Braun. • 2. A week later on May 8, 1945 General Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich and V-E day was announced. • 3. However, on April 12, 1945 FDR had a stroke and died.