The PANDA detector at the future FAIR laboratory

1. The PANDA detector at the future FAIR laboratory Klaus Föhl on behalf of the PANDA collaboration 12 July 2007 SPIN-Praha-2007 and Edinburgh 8 August 2007

2. Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany German National Lab for Heavy Ion Research Highlights: Heavy ion physics (i.e.tsuperheavies) Nuclear physics Atomicandplasmaphysics Cancer research

3. The new FAIR Rare-Isotope Beams Antiprotons N-N Collisions at High Energy Ion Beam Induced Plasmas Rare-Isotope Beams Antiprotons N-N Collisions at High Energy Ion Beam Induced Plasmas Nuclei Far From Stability Hadron Spectroscopy Compressed Nuclear Matter High Energy Density in Bulk Nuclei Far From Stability Hadron Spectroscopy Compressed Nuclear Matter High Energy Density in Bulk

4. The new FAIR Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

5. Key Technical Features • Cooled beams • Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets • Parallel operation Primary Beams • 1012/s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238U28+ • Factor 100-1000 present in intensity • 2(4)x1013/s 30 GeV protons • 1010/s 238U73+ up to 25 (- 35) GeV/u Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research Secondary Beams CBM HESR • Broad range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; up to factor 10 000 in • intensity over present • Antiprotons 3 (0) - 30 GeV PAX Storage and Cooler Rings • Radioactive beams • e – A collider • 1011 stored and cooledm 0.8 - 14.5 GeV antiprotons

6. CBM

7. heat compression CBM - Physics case Q: Why do we want to build yet another heavy-ion experiment? Use heavy-ion experiments as tools in order to study the QCD phase diagram! • What does theory expect? → Predictions from lattice QCD: • crossover transition from partonic to hadronic matter at small mB and high T • critical endpoint in intermediate range of the phase diagram • first order deconfinement phase transition at high mB but moderate T

8. MVD + STS CBM - Experiment • tracking, momentum determination, vertex reconstruction: radiation hard silicon pixel/strip detectors (STS) in a magnetic dipole field • hadron ID: TOF (& RICH) • photons, p0, m: ECAL high interaction rate long beamtime → rare probes! • PSD for event characterization • high speed DAQ and trigger • electron ID: RICH & TRD •  p suppression  104 • muon ID: absorber + detector layer sandwich •  move out absorbers for hadron runs aim: optimize setup to include both, electron and muon ID (not necessarily simultaneously)

9. HESR

10. HESR - High Energy Storage Ring N • injection from SIS 18 • protons 12.7 Tm in SIS • injection from RESR • antiprotons • protons at reversed field polarities

11. from RESR HESR longitudinal • Storage ring for p: • Np = 5×1010, Pbeam= 1.5-15 GeV/c; • High density target: • pellet 4×1015 atoms/cm2, cluster jet, wire; • High luminosity mode: • Δp/p = 10-4, stochastic cooling, L = 1032 cm-2s-1; • High precision mode: • Δp/p = 3×10-5, electron cooling, L = 1031 cm-2s-1. horizontal vertical ( ≥ 3.8 GeV/c) ( ≤ 8.9 GeV/c) Circumference 574 m

12. PAX

13. http://www.fz-juelich.de/ikp/pax Polarized Antiproton Experiments MAIN PHYSICS ISSUES • Transversitymeasurement via Drell-Yan • Direct and unique measurement of transversity • Electromagnetic Form Factors in the time-like region • First measurement of relative and absolute phase • Double-polarized elastic pbar-p scattering • Same mysteries as in p-p case? … the [QCD-] PAC would like to stress again the uniqueness of the program with polarized anti-protons and polarized protons that could become available at GSI.

14. Cerenkov Detector Concept Drell-Yan Proton EFFs pbar-p elastic Fixed target experiment: pol./unpol. pbar internal H polarized target Asymmetric collider: polarized antiprotons in HESR (p=15 GeV/c) polarized protons in CSR (p=3.5 GeV/c) Designed for Collider but compatible with fixed target Antiproton Polarizer Ring (APR) Cooler Storage Ring (CSR) High Energy Synchrotron Ring (HESR)

15. Polarising antiprotons? has never been done so far ... 1992 Filter Test at TSR with protons Results Experimental Setup T=23 MeV F. Rathmann. et al., PRL 71, 1379 (1993) First step of experimental Proof of Principle

16. Spin-filtering experiments Spin filtering works (for protons) but: • Controversial interpretations of only experiment with protons • No experimental basis for antiprotons • Experimental tests needed with: • Protons at COSY • Antiprotons at AD Atomic Beam Source Detector System surrounding Storage Cell Target SC Quadrupoles Common Experimental Setup for COSY and AD

17. Conclusions PAX • Outstanding physics potential of polarized antiprotons • Different proposals for polarizing antiprotons, but only one experimentally tested method (spin-filtering) • COSY will play a fundamental role in understanding the spin filtering process and in commissioning for the decisive experiment with antiprotons at AD TIMELINE 2007-2008 Depolarization studies at COSY 2009-2010 Spin-filtering studies at COSY Commissioning of AD experiment 2010 Installation at AD 2010-2011 Spin-filtering studies at AD The STI believes that PAX should become part of the FAIR core research program based on its strong scientific merit once the open problems are convincingly solved.

18. Physics

19. Core programme of PANDA • Hadron spectroscopy • Charmonium spectroscopy • Gluonic excitations (hybrids, glueballs) • Charmed hadrons in nuclear matter • Double -Hypernuclei

20. Core programme of PANDA

21. Charmonium Spectroscopy • Inconsistency in hcmass and width • η´c unambiguously seen, although disagreement on the mass • hc seen with poor statistics • States above DD thr. are not well established • New resonances... Who ordered that?

22. e+e- interactions: • Only 1-- states are directly formed; • pp reactions: • All meson states directly formed(very good mass resolution) • other states (spin exotic) can be studied using production mechanism.

23. Core programme of PANDA • Hadron spectroscopy • Charmonium spectroscopy • Gluonic excitations (hybrids, glueballs) • Charmed hadrons in nuclear matter • Double -Hypernuclei • further topics • Form Factors, GPDs? • Drell Yan? • Polarisation?

24. Spin physics at PANDA? • UNPOLARISED Drell-Yan • [2]D. Boer et al., Phys. Rev. D60 (1999) 014012. • DIRECT MEASUREMENT!! • SSA in SIDIS: convoluted with other PD and QFF functions; • SSA in DY: convoluted with h1. • ANTIPROTONS!! • DY azimuthal asymmetries not suppressed by nonvalence-like contributions. • GDA can be investigated in γ and (neutral) meson production

25. Spin physics at PANDA Polarisation? Look at the final state particles, i.e. self-analysing  decays.

26. Setup

27. PANDA Side View AntiProton ANihilations at DArmstadt Pbar ANDA

28. Detector Capabilities • High Rates • 107 interaction/s • Vertexing • KS0, Y, D, … • Charged particle ID • e±, μ±, π±, K, p,… • Magnetic tracking • EM. Calorimetry • γ,π0,η • Forward capabilities • leading particles • Sophisticated Trigger(s)

29. PANDA Detector Top View beam

30. PANDA Detector Top View pellet or cluster jet target beam solenoid magnet for high pt tracks - superconducting coil - iron return yoke dipole magnet for forward tracks

31. PANDA Detector Top View beam silicon microvertex detector central tracker forward drift chambers

32. Central Tracker Options must be self-quenching Time-Projection Chamber Straw Tube Tracker

33. PANDA Detector Top View muon detectors beam barrel DIRC barrel TOF endcap DIRC forward RICH forward TOF

34. Cherenkov Detectors • HERMES-style RICH • BaBar-style DIRC • disc DIRC LiF 4 instead of 2 mirrors fused silica side view front view

35. Focussing & Chromatic Correction focussing element

36. Focussing & Chromatic Correction higher dispersion glass

37. Focussing & Chromatic Correction higher dispersion glass current implementation: fused silica radiator disc, LiF plates for dispersion correction and focussing lightguides around the rim

38. Focussing disc DIRC rectangular pixel shape focussing is better than 1mm over the entire line chosen as focal plane fused silica LiF for dispersion correction has smaller |dn/d| than SiO2 LiF lightguide “200mm” light stays completely within medium all total reflection compact design all solid material flat focal plane focal plane coord. [mm] radiation-hard “glass” RMS surface roughness at most several Ångström lightguide number

39. Material Test Testing transmission and total internal reflection of a fused silica sample (G. Schepers and C. Schwarz, GSI)

40. PANDA Detector Top View photon detection 1MeV – 10GeV beam PWO calorimeters Forward Shashlyk EMC hadron calorimeter operate at -25oC

41. Hypernuclei Setup

42. DAQ and Computing

43. Outlook • PANDA will be a versatile QDC detector • novel techniques in detector and readout design • Technical Design until 2009 • Commissioning in 2014

44. Summary • 30 years after the discovery of the c-quark charmonium systems still have many puzzles • Many new charmonium and open charm states have been recently found by e+e- colliders: • No coherent picture → their properties like width and decay channels have to be studied systematically with high precision. • The PANDA detector will perform high resolution spectroscopy with p-beam and provide new data on this topic. σM ≈ 20 keVat

45. Panda Participating Institutes more than 300 physicists (48 institutes) from 15 countries U & INFN Genova U Glasgow U Gießen KVI Groningen U Helsinki IKP Jülich I + II U Katowice IMP Lanzhou U Mainz U & Politecnico & INFN Milano U Minsk TU München U Münster BINP Novosibirsk LAL Orsay U Pavia IHEP Protvino PNPI Gatchina U of Silesia U Stockholm KTH Stockholm U & INFN Torino Politechnico di Torino U Oriente, Torino U & INFN Trieste U Tübingen U & TSL Uppsala U Valencia IMEP Vienna SINS Warsaw U Warsaw U Basel IHEP Beijing U Bochum U Bonn U & INFN Brescia U & INFN Catania U Cracow GSI Darmstadt TU Dresden JINR Dubna(LIT,LPP,VBLHE) U Edinburgh U Erlangen NWU Evanston U & INFN Ferrara U Frankfurt LNF-INFN Frascati

46. thank you all for coming